Exam 52: Community Ecology

Snails typically avoid sunlit areas, but some snails infected with certain parasites become attracted to light and prefer sunlit areas. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis given the life cycles of many parasites?

Figure 52.8 -Clements's view of biological communities is that of a highly predictable and interrelated structure, while Gleason's view of biological communities is that individual species operate independently. Looking at the results in the figure above, which hypothesis by Clements or Gleason) is supported by the data?

Figure 52.7 -What does the graph in the figure above tell you about the definition of a keystone species?

What is a likely reason for the observation that there are more species in tropical areas than in places more distant from the equator?

During succession, tall canopies of maple trees form allowing chipmunks to be better hidden against hawks. This is an example of

Which of the following is not a type of consumption?

In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass all invaded a field. By the second season, a single species dominated the field. What is a possible factor in this secondary succession?

Refer to the grids below to answer the following question. According to the Shannon Diversity Index, which of the five grids provided, with each one containing 36 square show the greatest diversity?

Elephants are not the most dominant species in African grasslands, yet they influence community structure. The grasslands contain scattered woody plants, but they are kept in check by the uprooting activities of the elephants. Take away the elephants, and the grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands. The newly growing forests support fewer species than the previous grasslands. Which of the following describes why elephants are the keystone species in this scenario?

Figure 52.7 -Clements's view of biological communities is that of a highly predictable and interrelated structure, while Gleason's view of biological communities is that individual species operate independently. If we set up many identical sterilized ponds in the same area and allowed them to be colonized, what should we predict if Gleason's hypothesis is the one we believe is correct?

Figure 52.11 -Which of the following statements regarding the figure above is true?

Figure 52.1 -According to the figure above, which species is more successful in competing for seeds?

Figure 52.4 -What conclusion can you draw from the figure above?

What is the main difference between a disturbance and a disturbance regime?

Which would be the best way to directly test the hypothesis that C. stellatus a species of barnacle) is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B. balanoides another species of barnacle)?

Which of the following is not an example of a mutualism?

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates, birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants. What is the specific benefit relationship?

Figure 52.4 -Based on the figure above, what result would you expect if you replaced the crabs with broken mussel shells?