Question 1

In a plant cell, where is DNA found?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the nucleus and chloroplasts 
B)  in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts 
C)  only in the nucleus and mitochondria 
D)  in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes 
E)  only in the nucleus 
A)  only in the nucleus and chloroplasts 
B)  in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts 
C)  only in the nucleus and mitochondria 
D)  in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes 
E)  only in the nucleus

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
B)  They would be glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus. 
C)  They would initially contain signal sequences that would allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  They might travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific zip code. 
A)  They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
B)  They would be glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus. 
C)  They would initially contain signal sequences that would allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  They might travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific zip code.

Question 3

Which of the following would be true for lysosomes that lack mannose- 6- phosphate receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  They function equally as well as those that possess mannose 6- phosphate receptors. 
C)  They have unstable membranes. 
A)  They do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus. 
B)  They function equally as well as those that possess mannose 6- phosphate receptors. 
C)  They have unstable membranes.

Question 4

The small intestine is the site of digestion and absorption of nutrients. A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small intestine. In the duodenum the first section of the small intestine), these epithelial cells secrete large quantities of digestive enzymes. Which of the following features would be typical of these epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have larger nuclei than cells that secrete large quantities of lipids. 
B)  They have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  They contain large numbers of lysosomes. 
D)  They contain large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  They have larger nuclei than cells that secrete large quantities of lipids. 
B)  They have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  They contain large numbers of lysosomes. 
D)  They contain large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 5

Amoeba move by crawling over a surface amoeboid movement). Which one of the following processes is part of amoeboid movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  polymerization or extension of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane 
B)  reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments 
C)  setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm 
A)  polymerization or extension of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane 
B)  reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments 
C)  setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm

Question 6

Which of the following is a basic structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell wall plays a major role in determining plant cell shape, but the cytoskeleton plays a major role in determining animal cell shape. 
B)  Plant cells contain chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. 
C)  Animal cells contain lysosomes, but plant cells do not. 
D)  Plants have cell walls, and animal cells do not. 
E)  All of the above apply. 
A)  The cell wall plays a major role in determining plant cell shape, but the cytoskeleton plays a major role in determining animal cell shape. 
B)  Plant cells contain chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. 
C)  Animal cells contain lysosomes, but plant cells do not. 
D)  Plants have cell walls, and animal cells do not. 
E)  All of the above apply.

Question 7

Why are lysosomes considered part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  They deposit end- products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Lysosomes are not part of the endomembrane system. 
C)  They facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi. 
D)  They are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi. 
A)  They deposit end- products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  Lysosomes are not part of the endomembrane system. 
C)  They facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi. 
D)  They are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi.

Question 8

You are sitting in lecture and you decide to leave the room for a minute. When you return, the professor is describing a cytoskeletal component and states that these fibres are thin and consist of two rows of protein subunits wound around each other in a long spiral. Since you left the room, you did not hear which cytoskeletal component is being referred to, but, since you read the book before you came to class, you know that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  microfilaments. 
B)  the intermediate filaments. 
C)  the microtubules. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  microfilaments. 
B)  the intermediate filaments. 
C)  the microtubules. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 9

Flagella are found in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Despite the functional similarities of all flagella, scientists suspect that eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella have evolved independently. Why don't they think there is a common evolutionary origin for prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic flagella do not protrude outside the cell wall, whereas eukaryotic flagella are membrane- bound extensions of cytoplasm. 
B)  Prokaryotic flagella do not require energy in the form of ATP. 
C)  Prokaryotic flagella move by rotating, whereas eukaryotic flagella undergo an undulating motion. Furthermore, eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane and prokaryotic flagella are not. 
D)  Prokaryotic flagella are an adaptation to scarce nutrient supply, whereas eukaryotic flagella are designed to protect. 
A)  Prokaryotic flagella do not protrude outside the cell wall, whereas eukaryotic flagella are membrane- bound extensions of cytoplasm. 
B)  Prokaryotic flagella do not require energy in the form of ATP. 
C)  Prokaryotic flagella move by rotating, whereas eukaryotic flagella undergo an undulating motion. Furthermore, eukaryotic flagella are covered by a plasma membrane and prokaryotic flagella are not. 
D)  Prokaryotic flagella are an adaptation to scarce nutrient supply, whereas eukaryotic flagella are designed to protect.

Question 10

Which of the following organelles is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids or ethanol?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  Golgi apparatus

Question 11

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
B)  acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi apparatus. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus. 
D)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
E)  evolutionary processes independent from prokaryotic cells, as the eukaryotic cells were found in an environment richer in oxygen. 
A)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
B)  acquisition of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi apparatus. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus. 
D)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
E)  evolutionary processes independent from prokaryotic cells, as the eukaryotic cells were found in an environment richer in oxygen.

Question 12

Flagella and cilia bend or move, imparting mobility to cells. How do these structures move?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two microtubules at the core of the structure serve as motor proteins. 
B)  Dynein is a motor protein that hydrolyzes ATP and is responsible for movement of the cilium or flagellum. 
C)  Axonemes are structured such that movement is constant. 
D)  The basal body at the base of the structure hydrolyzes ATP, causing a conformational change that results in movement of the cilium or flagellum. 
A)  Two microtubules at the core of the structure serve as motor proteins. 
B)  Dynein is a motor protein that hydrolyzes ATP and is responsible for movement of the cilium or flagellum. 
C)  Axonemes are structured such that movement is constant. 
D)  The basal body at the base of the structure hydrolyzes ATP, causing a conformational change that results in movement of the cilium or flagellum.

Question 13

Which of the following represents a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes are a more homogenous group of organisms than eukaryotes, which include protozoa, plants, and animals. 
B)  Eukaryotic cells tend to have much more extensive inner membrane systems and larger numbers of intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. 
C)  Prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, have cell walls. 
D)  Prokaryotes are unable to carry out aerobic respiration, a process that requires a complex inner- membrane system. 
A)  Prokaryotes are a more homogenous group of organisms than eukaryotes, which include protozoa, plants, and animals. 
B)  Eukaryotic cells tend to have much more extensive inner membrane systems and larger numbers of intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. 
C)  Prokaryotes, not eukaryotes, have cell walls. 
D)  Prokaryotes are unable to carry out aerobic respiration, a process that requires a complex inner- membrane system.

Question 14

Mitochondria are separated into two compartments, the matrix and the intermembrane space, by their inner and outer membranes. How does the presence of two compartments contribute to the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The double- membrane feature of mitochondria is what enables them to glycosylate proteins. 
B)  The two compartments permit different but complementary functions to be accomplished in the organelle. 
C)  It enables mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes to remain separated from the functional compartment of the mitochondria. 
A)  The double- membrane feature of mitochondria is what enables them to glycosylate proteins. 
B)  The two compartments permit different but complementary functions to be accomplished in the organelle. 
C)  It enables mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes to remain separated from the functional compartment of the mitochondria.

Question 15

Mitochondrial DNA codes for about 13 proteins depending on the species of organism). These 13 proteins account for a small proportion of the proteins present in mitochondria. The remaining proteins are coded for by nuclear DNA. What is the most likely explanation for how these proteins find their way to the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  random transport vesicles 
B)  signal sequences 
C)  attachment of ribosomes to outer mitochondrial pores and direct deposition into the inner mitochondrial compartment 
D)  mRNAs that are manufactured in the nucleus, but translated by mitochondrial ribosomes 
A)  random transport vesicles 
B)  signal sequences 
C)  attachment of ribosomes to outer mitochondrial pores and direct deposition into the inner mitochondrial compartment 
D)  mRNAs that are manufactured in the nucleus, but translated by mitochondrial ribosomes

Question 16

Scientists found that polypeptides that are normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are about 20 amino acids longer when they are synthesized by ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. What is/are possible explanations for the greater length of these polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ribosomes that function as free ribosomes function differently than the ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  The 20- amino- acid sequence helps the endoplasmic reticulum package these proteins for shipping to the Golgi. 
C)  The 20 amino acids serve as a signal sequence that directs the forming polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are cleaved off during processing. 
D)  The protein has a different function in the cytosol than in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  The ribosomes that function as free ribosomes function differently than the ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  The 20- amino- acid sequence helps the endoplasmic reticulum package these proteins for shipping to the Golgi. 
C)  The 20 amino acids serve as a signal sequence that directs the forming polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are cleaved off during processing. 
D)  The protein has a different function in the cytosol than in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 17

What is the function of keratin, an important intermediate filament?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforces moveable joints 
B)  enables the heart to contract as a unit 
C)  provides nutrients to neural cells of the brain and spinal cord 
D)  imparts impermeability to the skin and the ability to withstand mechanical stress 
A)  reinforces moveable joints 
B)  enables the heart to contract as a unit 
C)  provides nutrients to neural cells of the brain and spinal cord 
D)  imparts impermeability to the skin and the ability to withstand mechanical stress

Question 18

You arrive late to lecture and your professor is describing a feature of the nucleus that provides it with structural support. You are not sure which feature is being discussed, but because you read the book before you came to class, you are fairly certain that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  the nuclear lamina. 
B)  the nucleolus. 
C)  the nucleoplasm. 
D)  the nucleus pore. 
A)  the nuclear lamina. 
B)  the nucleolus. 
C)  the nucleoplasm. 
D)  the nucleus pore.

Question 19

How is the nuclear membrane related to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nucleolus is present in the nucleus, but communicates directly with the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  The inner and outer bilayers of the nuclear envelope are separated by a space that is continuous with the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum, thus providing direct contact between the two structures. 
C)  Ribosomes that exit the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex attach to ribosome receptor locations on the endoplasmic reticulum, thus providing a means of communication between the two structures. 
D)  The nuclear lamina anchors the endoplasmic reticulum, providing structural support and communication through direct contact. 
A)  The nucleolus is present in the nucleus, but communicates directly with the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  The inner and outer bilayers of the nuclear envelope are separated by a space that is continuous with the space inside the endoplasmic reticulum, thus providing direct contact between the two structures. 
C)  Ribosomes that exit the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex attach to ribosome receptor locations on the endoplasmic reticulum, thus providing a means of communication between the two structures. 
D)  The nuclear lamina anchors the endoplasmic reticulum, providing structural support and communication through direct contact.

Question 20

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins are important in changing cell shape or location any type of cell movement)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microfilaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
B)  Intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
C)  Microfilaments and myosin are among the cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
D)  Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments are equally important in cell movement. 
A)  Microfilaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
B)  Intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
C)  Microfilaments and myosin are among the cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
D)  Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments are equally important in cell movement.

Exam 7: Inside the Cell

In a plant cell, where is DNA found?

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

Which of the following would be true for lysosomes that lack mannose- 6- phosphate receptors?

Amoeba move by crawling over a surface amoeboid movement). Which one of the following processes is part of amoeboid movement?

Which of the following is a basic structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Why are lysosomes considered part of the endomembrane system?

Which of the following organelles is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids or ethanol?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Flagella and cilia bend or move, imparting mobility to cells. How do these structures move?

Which of the following represents a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria are separated into two compartments, the matrix and the intermembrane space, by their inner and outer membranes. How does the presence of two compartments contribute to the function of mitochondria?

Scientists found that polypeptides that are normally synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum are about 20 amino acids longer when they are synthesized by ribosomes not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. What is/are possible explanations for the greater length of these polypeptides?

What is the function of keratin, an important intermediate filament?

You arrive late to lecture and your professor is describing a feature of the nucleus that provides it with structural support. You are not sure which feature is being discussed, but because you read the book before you came to class, you are fairly certain that it is

How is the nuclear membrane related to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins are important in changing cell shape or location any type of cell movement)?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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