Question 1

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 2

Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

Accepted Answer

A)  +1 
B)  -1 
C)  +2 
D)  -2 
A)  +1 
B)  -1 
C)  +2 
D)  -2

Question 3

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the element is required in very small amounts. 
B)  the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism. 
C)  the element is very rare on Earth. 
D)  the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival. 
A)  the element is required in very small amounts. 
B)  the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism. 
C)  the element is very rare on Earth. 
D)  the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival.

Question 4

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D)

Question 5

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Accepted Answer

A)  an ionic bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
D)  a polar covalent bond 
A)  an ionic bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
D)  a polar covalent bond

Question 6

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Accepted Answer

A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only 
A)  single, double, or triple 
B)  single and double only 
C)  single bonds only 
D)  double bonds only

Question 7

The atomic number of sulphur is 16. Sulphur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulphide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulphur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

Accepted Answer

A)  HS 
B)  HS₂ 
C)  H₂S 
D)  H₄S 
A)  HS 
B)  HS₂ 
C)  H₂S 
D)  H₄S

Question 8

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly damp surface 
B)  surface of hydrocarbons 
C)  surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds 
D)  surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds 
A)  slightly damp surface 
B)  surface of hydrocarbons 
C)  surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds 
D)  surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds

Question 9

What element does not prefer to react with other elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  helium 
C)  beryllium 
D)  both hydrogen and beryllium 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  helium 
C)  beryllium 
D)  both hydrogen and beryllium

Question 10

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is ________ and B is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one; three 
B)  one; five 
C)  three; five 
D)  eight; eight 
A)  one; three 
B)  one; five 
C)  three; five 
D)  eight; eight

Question 11

Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule 
B)  molecules held by ionic bonds react with water 
C)  two polar covalent bonds react 
D)  a hydrogen atom loses an electron 
A)  electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule 
B)  molecules held by ionic bonds react with water 
C)  two polar covalent bonds react 
D)  a hydrogen atom loses an electron

Question 12

How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  12 
C)  19 
D)  34 
A)  16 
B)  12 
C)  19 
D)  34

Question 13

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged 
B)  protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms 
C)  outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals 
D)  outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom 
A)  electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged 
B)  protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms 
C)  outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals 
D)  outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom

Question 14

Based on electron configuration, which of the elements in the figure would exhibit a chemical behaviour most like that of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulphur 
D)  phosphorus 
A)  carbon 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  sulphur 
D)  phosphorus

Question 15

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons 
A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons

Question 16

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven 
A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven

Question 17

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 
A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 18

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B)  Ammonia has an overall positive charge. 
C)  Ammonia has an overall negative charge. 
D)  The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
A)  Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B)  Ammonia has an overall positive charge. 
C)  Ammonia has an overall negative charge. 
D)  The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

Question 19

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions 
A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions

Question 20

In a chemical reaction, the element 13Al will most preferably ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lose three electrons and become positively charged 
B)  gain five electrons and become negatively charged 
C)  lose five electrons and become positively charged 
D)  gain three electrons and become positively charged 
A)  lose three electrons and become positively charged 
B)  gain five electrons and become negatively charged 
C)  lose five electrons and become positively charged 
D)  gain three electrons and become positively charged

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?

Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

The atomic number of sulphur is 16. Sulphur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulphide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulphur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.

What element does not prefer to react with other elements?

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is ________ and B is ________.

Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.

How many electrons are present in a Phosphorus 3+ atom?

A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.

Based on electron configuration, which of the elements in the figure would exhibit a chemical behaviour most like that of oxygen?

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

In a chemical reaction, the element 13Al will most preferably ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Filters

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is and B is .

Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ; these elements tend to form in solution.