Question 1

The genetic code is redundant. What is meant by this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. 
B)  The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. 
C)  The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). 
D)  More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid. 
A)  A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. 
B)  The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. 
C)  The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). 
D)  More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

Question 2

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  anticodons 
B)  ribosomes and tRNA 
C)  several transcription factors 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
A)  anticodons 
B)  ribosomes and tRNA 
C)  several transcription factors 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. 
B)  Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress. 
C)  Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles. 
D)  Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors. 
A)  Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. 
B)  Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress. 
C)  Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles. 
D)  Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.

Question 4

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a base-pair substitution 
B)  a frameshift mutation 
C)  a polypeptide missing an amino acid 
D)  a nonsense mutation 
A)  a base-pair substitution 
B)  a frameshift mutation 
C)  a polypeptide missing an amino acid 
D)  a nonsense mutation

Question 5

Once a peptide bond has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what process occurs next?

Accepted Answer

A)  translocation 
B)  reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C)  initiation 
D)  The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken. 
A)  translocation 
B)  reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C)  initiation 
D)  The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken.

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly describes Archibald Garrod's (1902) hypothesis for how "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies. 
B)  Enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase. 
C)  Certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors. 
D)  Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes. 
A)  Metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies. 
B)  Enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase. 
C)  Certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors. 
D)  Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.

Question 7

An original section of DNA has the base sequence AGCGTTACCGT. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence AGGCGTTACCGT. What type of mutation does this change represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  a missense mutation 
B)  a point mutation 
C)  a silent mutation 
D)  frameshift mutation 
A)  a missense mutation 
B)  a point mutation 
C)  a silent mutation 
D)  frameshift mutation

Exam 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

The genetic code is redundant. What is meant by this statement?

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is the result of this type of mutation?

Once a peptide bond has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what process occurs next?

Which of the following statements correctly describes Archibald Garrod's (1902) hypothesis for how "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur?

An original section of DNA has the base sequence AGCGTTACCGT. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence AGGCGTTACCGT. What type of mutation does this change represent?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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