Question 1

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol. Protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A)  occur inside cells in most animals. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C)  require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D)  consume ATP. 
A)  occur inside cells in most animals. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C)  require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D)  consume ATP.

Question 2

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  goblet cells 
B)  chief cells 
C)  parietal cells 
D)  smooth muscle cells 
A)  goblet cells 
B)  chief cells 
C)  parietal cells 
D)  smooth muscle cells

Question 3

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores 
A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores

Question 4

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are catalysed by the same enzyme 
B)  use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
D)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source 
A)  are catalysed by the same enzyme 
B)  use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH 
D)  require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source

Question 5

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a cell wall impermeable to acid 
A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells 
C)  a high level of secretion of enzymes by chief cells 
D)  a cell wall impermeable to acid

Question 6

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamins are involved in regulating enzyme activity, but minerals are not. 
B)  Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules. 
C)  Minerals are obtained by an animal through dietary sources, but vitamins are made by the animal. 
D)  Vitamins and minerals are only obtained by digesting plants. 
A)  Vitamins are involved in regulating enzyme activity, but minerals are not. 
B)  Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules. 
C)  Minerals are obtained by an animal through dietary sources, but vitamins are made by the animal. 
D)  Vitamins and minerals are only obtained by digesting plants.

Question 7

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system. 
A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system.

Question 8

Obesity in humans is most clearly linked to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer 
B)  type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy 
C)  type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease 
D)  type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite 
A)  type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer 
B)  type 2 diabetes and muscle hypertrophy 
C)  type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease 
D)  type 2 diabetes and decreased appetite

Question 9

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  storage 
B)  HCl production 
C)  nutrient absorption 
D)  enzyme secretion 
A)  storage 
B)  HCl production 
C)  nutrient absorption 
D)  enzyme secretion

Question 10

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralise the stomach acid. 
B)  Trypsinogen is activated, thus neutralising the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralise the stomach acid. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralisation of stomach acid in the stomach. 
A)  Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralise the stomach acid. 
B)  Trypsinogen is activated, thus neutralising the stomach acid. 
C)  Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralise the stomach acid. 
D)  When pepsinogen activates pepsin, one result is the neutralisation of stomach acid in the stomach.

Question 11

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure.  
- Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8

Question 12

Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many white ant species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do white ants access the nutrients contained in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  White ants have specialised mouthparts to mechanically break down the cellulose. 
B)  The ingested plant material also contains enzymes for cellulose digestion. 
C)  Cellulose is digested intracellularly in the white ant hindgut. 
D)  Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the white ant digest the cellulose into sugars. 
A)  White ants have specialised mouthparts to mechanically break down the cellulose. 
B)  The ingested plant material also contains enzymes for cellulose digestion. 
C)  Cellulose is digested intracellularly in the white ant hindgut. 
D)  Mutualistic bacteria in the hindgut of the white ant digest the cellulose into sugars.

Question 13

In the digestive system, "peristalsis" is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the oesophagus 
A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the oesophagus

Question 14

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production 
A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production

Question 15

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  filter feeders 
B)  substrate feeders 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  bulk feeders 
A)  filter feeders 
B)  substrate feeders 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  bulk feeders

Question 16

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  sugar 
C)  fat 
D)  water 
A)  protein 
B)  sugar 
C)  fat 
D)  water

Question 17

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption

Question 18

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health. 
A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Question 19

The function of chylomicrons is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  digest nucleic acids in the intestine 
B)  break down carbohydrates in the mouth 
C)  transport lipids from the intestine to other organs 
D)  move proteins across plasma membranes of cells 
A)  digest nucleic acids in the intestine 
B)  break down carbohydrates in the mouth 
C)  transport lipids from the intestine to other organs 
D)  move proteins across plasma membranes of cells

Question 20

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat in the liver 
D)  fat in adipose tissue 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat in the liver 
D)  fat in adipose tissue

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol. Protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Obesity in humans is most clearly linked to ________.

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic?

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. - Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

Animals cannot produce enzymes to digest cellulose, yet many white ant species consume cellulose from plant material as a main part of their diet. How do white ants access the nutrients contained in cellulose?

In the digestive system, "peristalsis" is ________.

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of ________.

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

The function of chylomicrons is to ________.

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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