Question 1

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet will draw on its stored resources in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen

Question 2

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from faecal matter 
A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from faecal matter

Question 3

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Accepted Answer

A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin 
A)  salivary amylase 
B)  pepsidase 
C)  pancreatic lipase 
D)  secretin

Question 4

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure.  
-Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  3 and 4 
A)  3 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  3 and 4

Question 5

In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellularly 
B)  extracellularly 
C)  in the alimentary canal 
D)  in the gastrovascular cavity 
A)  intracellularly 
B)  extracellularly 
C)  in the alimentary canal 
D)  in the gastrovascular cavity

Question 6

Among mammals, it is generally true that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea 
D)  the trachea leads to the oesophagus and then to the stomach 
A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea 
D)  the trachea leads to the oesophagus and then to the stomach

Question 7

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine 
A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine

Question 8

If you found a vertebrate skull in the bush and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, what type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

Accepted Answer

A)  grass 
B)  flesh of another animal 
C)  nectar 
D)  blood 
A)  grass 
B)  flesh of another animal 
C)  nectar 
D)  blood

Question 9

The digestion of ________ begins in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  carbohydrates 
A)  protein 
B)  fat 
C)  nucleic acids 
D)  carbohydrates

Question 10

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  fats 
A)  proteins 
B)  minerals 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  fats

Question 11

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminated in the faeces 
B)  stored as starch in the liver 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles 
D)  oxidised and converted to ATP 
A)  eliminated in the faeces 
B)  stored as starch in the liver 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles 
D)  oxidised and converted to ATP

Question 12

Coprophagy is important for the nutritional balance of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ruminants such as cows 
B)  insects and arthropods 
C)  rabbits and their relatives 
D)  possums and some rodents 
A)  ruminants such as cows 
B)  insects and arthropods 
C)  rabbits and their relatives 
D)  possums and some rodents

Question 13

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure.   
-The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 14

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesise them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane. 
A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesise them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane.

Question 15

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their faeces 
C)  manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs 
A)  are autotrophic 
B)  re-ingest their faeces 
C)  manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver 
D)  have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs

Question 16

If you were to jog one kilometre a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  liver glycogen and muscle glycogen 
C)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
D)  blood proteins

Question 17

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  filtration 
D)  temperature regulation 
A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  filtration 
D)  temperature regulation

Question 18

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialised regions with specialised functions 
C)  allows extensive branching 
D)  facilitates intracellular digestion 
A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialised regions with specialised functions 
C)  allows extensive branching 
D)  facilitates intracellular digestion

Question 19

What is the importance of the mucus that are released by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  They are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C)  They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the oesophagus. 
A)  They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B)  They are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C)  They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D)  They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the oesophagus.

Question 20

The process of obtaining food is known as ________ and requires specialised feeding mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  absorption 
D)  excretion 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  absorption 
D)  excretion

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet will draw on its stored resources in which order?

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. -Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s) ________.

In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.

Among mammals, it is generally true that ________.

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

If you found a vertebrate skull in the bush and the teeth were sharp and scissor-like, what type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

The digestion of ________ begins in the stomach.

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as ________.

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is ________.

Coprophagy is important for the nutritional balance of ________.

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. -The agents that help emulsify fats are produced in location ________.

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

If you were to jog one kilometre a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

What is the importance of the mucus that are released by salivary glands?

The process of obtaining food is known as ________ and requires specialised feeding mechanisms.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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