Question 1

A five-carbon sugar is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamine. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  hexose. 
D)  pentose. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  glutamine. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  hexose. 
D)  pentose. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

What type of amino acid side chains would you expect to find on the surface of a protein embedded in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cysteine 
B)  Hydrophobic 
C)  Hydrophilic 
D)  Charged 
E)  Polar, but not charged 
A)  Cysteine 
B)  Hydrophobic 
C)  Hydrophilic 
D)  Charged 
E)  Polar, but not charged

Question 3

How do the different chemical properties of amino acid R groups contribute to the final three-dimensional shape of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

The size of the R group, the c

Question 4

Starch is a polymer of glucose subunits. The subunits of any polymer are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Starch is a polymer of glucose subunits....

Question 5

Which of the following functional groups is not found in an R group of the protein amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  -SH 
B)  -OH 
C)  -NH2 
D)  -COO 
E)  -CHO 
A)  -SH 
B)  -OH 
C)  -NH2 
D)  -COO 
E)  -CHO

Question 6

The main function of cellulose is

Accepted Answer

A)  to provide mechanical strength to plant cell walls. 
B)  as a storage compound for energy in plant cells. 
C)  as a storage compound for energy in animal cells. 
D)  as a component of biological membranes. 
E)  to store genetic information. 
A)  to provide mechanical strength to plant cell walls. 
B)  as a storage compound for energy in plant cells. 
C)  as a storage compound for energy in animal cells. 
D)  as a component of biological membranes. 
E)  to store genetic information.

Question 7

Oils melt at a lower temperature than fats because

Accepted Answer

A)  oils and fats are not the same kind of molecule. 
B)  fats contain more saturated fatty acids than oils. 
C)  fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids than oils. 
D)  oils are made by plants. 
E)  fats are common in animals. 
A)  oils and fats are not the same kind of molecule. 
B)  fats contain more saturated fatty acids than oils. 
C)  fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids than oils. 
D)  oils are made by plants. 
E)  fats are common in animals.

Question 8

Oils and fats

Accepted Answer

A)  form membranes. 
B)  are triglycerides. 
C)  all contain the same fatty acids. 
D)  are good for you in large amounts. 
E)  have peptide bonds. 
A)  form membranes. 
B)  are triglycerides. 
C)  all contain the same fatty acids. 
D)  are good for you in large amounts. 
E)  have peptide bonds.

Question 9

Knowledge that incorrect folding of a protein can be deleterious to cell functioning is being used to design drugs to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  rickets. 
B)  cancerous tumors. 
C)  hemophilia. 
D)  diabetes. 
E)  high blood pressure. 
A)  rickets. 
B)  cancerous tumors. 
C)  hemophilia. 
D)  diabetes. 
E)  high blood pressure.

Question 10

Starch and glycogen are different in that only one of them

Accepted Answer

A)  is a polymer of glucose. 
B)  contains ribose. 
C)  is made in plants. 
D)  is an energy storage molecule. 
E)  can be digested by humans. 
A)  is a polymer of glucose. 
B)  contains ribose. 
C)  is made in plants. 
D)  is an energy storage molecule. 
E)  can be digested by humans.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the carbon atoms in a molecule and its functional groups is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They determine how the molecule interacts with other molecules in the environment. 
B)  They determine the shape of the molecule. 
C)  They determine the specific properties of the molecule. 
D)  They may have interactions with specific functional groups on the same molecule. 
E)  They are antagonistic to each other, thereby creating multiple forces that drive chemical reactions. 
A)  They determine how the molecule interacts with other molecules in the environment. 
B)  They determine the shape of the molecule. 
C)  They determine the specific properties of the molecule. 
D)  They may have interactions with specific functional groups on the same molecule. 
E)  They are antagonistic to each other, thereby creating multiple forces that drive chemical reactions.

Question 12

Vitamins D, E, and F have a multiple-ring structure and are classified as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vitamins D, E, and F have a...

Question 13

The most abundant molecule in the cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbohydrate. 
B)  a lipid. 
C)  a nucleic acid. 
D)  a protein. 
E)  water. 
A)  a carbohydrate. 
B)  a lipid. 
C)  a nucleic acid. 
D)  a protein. 
E)  water.

Question 14

In animals, glucose is stored in the compound

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose. 
B)  amylose. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  fructose. 
E)  cellobiose. 
A)  cellulose. 
B)  amylose. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  fructose. 
E)  cellobiose.

Question 15

Cellulose and starch are composed of the same monomers but have structural and functional differences. Which of the following is the characteristic that accounts for those differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different types of glycosidic linkages 
B)  Different numbers of glucose monomers 
C)  Different types of bonds holding them together 
D)  A linear shape in one versus a ring shape in the other 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Different types of glycosidic linkages 
B)  Different numbers of glucose monomers 
C)  Different types of bonds holding them together 
D)  A linear shape in one versus a ring shape in the other 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Fatty acids are molecules that

Accepted Answer

A)  contain fats bonded to a glycerol. 
B)  are composed of hydrogen, carbon, and a carboxyl group. 
C)  are carbohydrates linked to a hydrocarbon chain. 
D)  contain glycerol and a carboxyl group. 
E)  are always saturated. 
A)  contain fats bonded to a glycerol. 
B)  are composed of hydrogen, carbon, and a carboxyl group. 
C)  are carbohydrates linked to a hydrocarbon chain. 
D)  contain glycerol and a carboxyl group. 
E)  are always saturated.

Question 17

The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose in the muscles and the liver of animals is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose...

Question 18

Triglycerides are synthesized from ______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol; amino acids 
B)  amino acids; cellulose 
C)  steroid precursors; starch 
D)  cholesterol; glycerol 
E)  fatty acids; glycerol 
A)  glycerol; amino acids 
B)  amino acids; cellulose 
C)  steroid precursors; starch 
D)  cholesterol; glycerol 
E)  fatty acids; glycerol

Question 19

Differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures as they relate to proteins. If a protein is immersed in an unfavorable pH solution, which structures are most likely to disassociate first, and why?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein refer

Question 20

The primary structure of proteins is the _______. The primary structure contains the information necessary for the formation of secondary structure, including the _______ and the _______. Secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by the formation of _______ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid sequence; $\beta$ pleated sheet; $\alpha$ helix; disulfide 
B)  $\alpha$ helix; amino acid sequence; $\beta$ pleated sheet; hydrophobic 
C)  amino acid sequence; $\alpha$ helix; $\beta$ pleated sheet; hydrogen 
D)  amino acid sequence; $\alpha$ helix; $\beta$ pleated sheet; peptide 
E)  $\beta$ pleated sheet; $\alpha$ helix; amino acid sequence; hydrogen 
A)  amino acid sequence; $\beta$ pleated sheet; $\alpha$ helix; disulfide 
B)  $\alpha$ helix; amino acid sequence; $\beta$ pleated sheet; hydrophobic 
C)  amino acid sequence; $\alpha$ helix; $\beta$ pleated sheet; hydrogen 
D)  amino acid sequence; $\alpha$ helix; $\beta$ pleated sheet; peptide 
E)  $\beta$ pleated sheet; $\alpha$ helix; amino acid sequence; hydrogen

Exam 3: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

A five-carbon sugar is known as a

What type of amino acid side chains would you expect to find on the surface of a protein embedded in a cell membrane?

How do the different chemical properties of amino acid R groups contribute to the final three-dimensional shape of the molecule?

Starch is a polymer of glucose subunits. The subunits of any polymer are called _______.

Which of the following functional groups is not found in an R group of the protein amino acids?

The main function of cellulose is

Oils melt at a lower temperature than fats because

Oils and fats

Knowledge that incorrect folding of a protein can be deleterious to cell functioning is being used to design drugs to treat

Starch and glycogen are different in that only one of them

Which of the following statements regarding the carbon atoms in a molecule and its functional groups is false?

Vitamins D, E, and F have a multiple-ring structure and are classified as _______.

The most abundant molecule in the cell is

In animals, glucose is stored in the compound

Cellulose and starch are composed of the same monomers but have structural and functional differences. Which of the following is the characteristic that accounts for those differences?

Fatty acids are molecules that

The highly branched polysaccharide that stores glucose in the muscles and the liver of animals is _______.

Triglycerides are synthesized from ______ and _______.

Differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures as they relate to proteins. If a protein is immersed in an unfavorable pH solution, which structures are most likely to disassociate first, and why?

The primary structure of proteins is the _______. The primary structure contains the information necessary for the formation of secondary structure, including the _______ and the _______. Secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by the formation of _______ bonds.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Triglycerides are synthesized from and _.

The primary structure of proteins is the ___. The primary structure contains the information necessary for the formation of secondary structure, including the _ and the _. Secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by the formation of ___ bonds.