Question 1

Corn requires large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. As energy costs rise, so does the cost of nitrogen fertilizers and of corn. What is the major reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  It costs more to transport the fertilizer. 
B)  It costs more to apply the fertilizer. 
C)  The Haber process requires a large input of energy. 
D)  More corn is now being used for the production of ethanol. 
E)  Corn is used for the production of high fructose corn syrup. 
A)  It costs more to transport the fertilizer. 
B)  It costs more to apply the fertilizer. 
C)  The Haber process requires a large input of energy. 
D)  More corn is now being used for the production of ethanol. 
E)  Corn is used for the production of high fructose corn syrup.

Question 2

Nodules that are actively fixing nitrogen are pink, demonstrating the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  iron. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  leghemoglobin. 
D)  anthocyanin. 
E)  alkaloids. 
A)  iron. 
B)  chlorophyll. 
C)  leghemoglobin. 
D)  anthocyanin. 
E)  alkaloids.

Question 3

The maximum diameter of a clay particle is _______ $\mu$m.

Accepted Answer

A)  2,000,000 
B)  2,000 
C)  2 
D)  0.002 
E)  0.000002 
A)  2,000,000 
B)  2,000 
C)  2 
D)  0.002 
E)  0.000002

Question 4

If a new essential nutrient were discovered, it would be a

Accepted Answer

A)  macronutrient. 
B)  micronutrient. 
C)  rare gas. 
D)  small organism. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  macronutrient. 
B)  micronutrient. 
C)  rare gas. 
D)  small organism. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Plants acquire minerals from the soil

Accepted Answer

A)  by recycling them. 
B)  by growing. 
C)  from rainwater. 
D)  from soil microbes. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  by recycling them. 
B)  by growing. 
C)  from rainwater. 
D)  from soil microbes. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Bacteria that function as denitrifiers

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidize ammonium ions to nitrate. 
B)  oxidize nitrate to nitrite. 
C)  reduce N2 to ammonia. 
D)  reduce nitrates to ammonia. 
E)  oxidize nitrate to N2. 
A)  oxidize ammonium ions to nitrate. 
B)  oxidize nitrate to nitrite. 
C)  reduce N2 to ammonia. 
D)  reduce nitrates to ammonia. 
E)  oxidize nitrate to N2.

Question 7

Plants do not obtain which of the following elements from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sulfur 
E)  Zinc 
A)  Carbon 
B)  Nitrogen 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sulfur 
E)  Zinc

Question 8

Cyanobacteria are known to fix nitrogen in association with all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi in lichens. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  bryophytes. 
D)  cycads. 
E)  wheat. 
A)  fungi in lichens. 
B)  ferns. 
C)  bryophytes. 
D)  cycads. 
E)  wheat.

Question 9

In many crops, nitrogen deficiencies cause _______ leaves to become _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  old; yellow 
B)  young; yellow 
C)  old; orange 
D)  young; orange 
E)  old; brown-spotted 
A)  old; yellow 
B)  young; yellow 
C)  old; orange 
D)  young; orange 
E)  old; brown-spotted

Question 10

Soils

Accepted Answer

A)  are complex mixtures of totally inorganic materials. 
B)  are sterile. 
C)  are unaffected by plants that grow in them. 
D)  are complex mixtures of organic, inorganic materials, and organisms. 
E)  do not change. 
A)  are complex mixtures of totally inorganic materials. 
B)  are sterile. 
C)  are unaffected by plants that grow in them. 
D)  are complex mixtures of organic, inorganic materials, and organisms. 
E)  do not change.

Question 11

The establishment of plant-microbe and plant-parasite relationships

Accepted Answer

A)  involves chemical signaling by the plant only. 
B)  involves chemical signaling by the microbe or parasite only. 
C)  involves penetration into the symplast of the host plant cells. 
D)  is often very species specific. 
E)  is always beneficial to the host plant. 
A)  involves chemical signaling by the plant only. 
B)  involves chemical signaling by the microbe or parasite only. 
C)  involves penetration into the symplast of the host plant cells. 
D)  is often very species specific. 
E)  is always beneficial to the host plant.

Question 12

The relationship between rhizobium bacteria and the roots of legumes can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitic. 
B)  one-sided. 
C)  mutualistic. 
D)  carnivorous. 
E)  detrimental. 
A)  parasitic. 
B)  one-sided. 
C)  mutualistic. 
D)  carnivorous. 
E)  detrimental.

Question 13

Leghemoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  functions to transport oxygen in roots. 
B)  keeps the oxygen concentration low in nodules. 
C)  participates directly in nitrogen reduction. 
D)  is present in all angiosperms. 
E)  bears little resemblance to human hemoglobin. 
A)  functions to transport oxygen in roots. 
B)  keeps the oxygen concentration low in nodules. 
C)  participates directly in nitrogen reduction. 
D)  is present in all angiosperms. 
E)  bears little resemblance to human hemoglobin.

Question 14

Differentiate between micro- and macronutrients. Where are most of these nutrients acquired?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are needed at a rate of 1

Question 15

A root that is in a microenvironment deficient in a nutrient

Accepted Answer

A)  usually dies. 
B)  directs growth to find the nutrient in the soil. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  will grow towards light. 
E)  secretes basic compounds into the soil. 
A)  usually dies. 
B)  directs growth to find the nutrient in the soil. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  will grow towards light. 
E)  secretes basic compounds into the soil.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below, showing the nitrogen cycle.  
-Which groups of organisms shown in the diagram carry out the reduction of N2?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-f

Question 17

Although mistletoes are green, they are considered to be parasites because

Accepted Answer

A)  they depend on other plants for water and minerals. 
B)  they cling to woody plants for physical support. 
C)  they capture and digest insects. 
D)  they have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium. 
E)  their chlorophyll is not functional. 
A)  they depend on other plants for water and minerals. 
B)  they cling to woody plants for physical support. 
C)  they capture and digest insects. 
D)  they have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium. 
E)  their chlorophyll is not functional.

Question 18

Yellowing of the older leaves of a plant is a result of _______ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  manganese 
C)  iron 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sulfur 
A)  potassium 
B)  manganese 
C)  iron 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  sulfur

Question 19

Chemical weathering, an important part of soil formation, includes the

Accepted Answer

A)  splitting of clays. 
B)  effects of freezing and thawing. 
C)  hydrolysis of rock. 
D)  crushing of rock. 
E)  drying of soils. 
A)  splitting of clays. 
B)  effects of freezing and thawing. 
C)  hydrolysis of rock. 
D)  crushing of rock. 
E)  drying of soils.

Question 20

Soybeans, which are a type of legume, are often planted in fields in which corn had been grown the year before. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soybeans carry out C3 photosynthesis and corn carries out C4 photosynthesis. 
B)  Soybeans need less light. 
C)  Soybeans add reduced nitrogen to the soil. 
D)  Soybeans produce seeds rich in oils. 
E)  Soybeans can produce reduced sulfur compounds. 
A)  Soybeans carry out C3 photosynthesis and corn carries out C4 photosynthesis. 
B)  Soybeans need less light. 
C)  Soybeans add reduced nitrogen to the soil. 
D)  Soybeans produce seeds rich in oils. 
E)  Soybeans can produce reduced sulfur compounds.

Exam 36: Plant Nutrition

Corn requires large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. As energy costs rise, so does the cost of nitrogen fertilizers and of corn. What is the major reason for this?

Nodules that are actively fixing nitrogen are pink, demonstrating the presence of

The maximum diameter of a clay particle is _______ μ\muμ m.

If a new essential nutrient were discovered, it would be a

Plants acquire minerals from the soil

Bacteria that function as denitrifiers

Plants do not obtain which of the following elements from the soil?

Cyanobacteria are known to fix nitrogen in association with all of the following except

In many crops, nitrogen deficiencies cause _______ leaves to become _______.

Soils

The establishment of plant-microbe and plant-parasite relationships

The relationship between rhizobium bacteria and the roots of legumes can best be described as

Leghemoglobin

Differentiate between micro- and macronutrients. Where are most of these nutrients acquired?

A root that is in a microenvironment deficient in a nutrient

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing the nitrogen cycle. -Which groups of organisms shown in the diagram carry out the reduction of N2?

Although mistletoes are green, they are considered to be parasites because

Yellowing of the older leaves of a plant is a result of _______ deficiency.

Chemical weathering, an important part of soil formation, includes the

Soybeans, which are a type of legume, are often planted in fields in which corn had been grown the year before. Why?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The maximum diameter of a clay particle is _______ $\mu$ m.

In many crops, nitrogen deficiencies cause _ leaves to become _.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing the nitrogen cycle. -Which groups of organisms shown in the diagram carry out the reduction of N₂?