Question 1

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  arteriole. 
B)  nerve. 
C)  red blood cell. 
D)  valve. 
E)  venule. 
A)  arteriole. 
B)  nerve. 
C)  red blood cell. 
D)  valve. 
E)  venule.

Question 2

By definition, all arteries carry

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygenated blood. 
B)  deoxygenated blood. 
C)  blood toward the heart. 
D)  blood away from the heart. 
E)  red, not blue blood. 
A)  oxygenated blood. 
B)  deoxygenated blood. 
C)  blood toward the heart. 
D)  blood away from the heart. 
E)  red, not blue blood.

Question 3

A high _______ will lead to an autoregulatory increase of blood flow to a tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure 
B)  CO2 concentration 
C)  O2 concentration 
D)  ATP concentration 
E)  glucose concentration 
A)  blood pressure 
B)  CO2 concentration 
C)  O2 concentration 
D)  ATP concentration 
E)  glucose concentration

Question 4

The Frank-Starling law suggests that during exercise, the

Accepted Answer

A)  flow of blood through the heart speeds up. 
B)  heart is stretched and contracts more forcefully. 
C)  veins expand to handle increased blood flow. 
D)  heart fills to capacity with blood at each beat. 
E)  valves in veins can no longer prevent backflow. 
A)  flow of blood through the heart speeds up. 
B)  heart is stretched and contracts more forcefully. 
C)  veins expand to handle increased blood flow. 
D)  heart fills to capacity with blood at each beat. 
E)  valves in veins can no longer prevent backflow.

Question 5

The "lub-dup" sounds of the cardiac cycle are caused by the _______.

Accepted Answer

shutting o

Question 6

Which of the following is an advantage of closed circulatory systems as compared to open circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport occurs more rapidly. 
B)  Closed systems can direct blood to specific tissues. 
C)  In closed systems, cells and large molecules can be kept separate from the animal's intercellular material. 
D)  Closed systems can support higher levels of metabolic activity. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Transport occurs more rapidly. 
B)  Closed systems can direct blood to specific tissues. 
C)  In closed systems, cells and large molecules can be kept separate from the animal's intercellular material. 
D)  Closed systems can support higher levels of metabolic activity. 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure or region containing blood with the lowest O2 concentration is the

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein. 
B)  pulmonary artery. 
C)  left atrium. 
D)  aorta. 
E)  arteriole end of a capillary. 
A)  pulmonary vein. 
B)  pulmonary artery. 
C)  left atrium. 
D)  aorta. 
E)  arteriole end of a capillary.

Question 8

Blood is at its lowest pressure in the

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  venules. 
E)  veins. 
A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  venules. 
E)  veins.

Question 9

Which of the following vessels carry blood back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Venules 
D)  Capillaries 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Arteries 
B)  Arterioles 
C)  Venules 
D)  Capillaries 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is not a mechanism that facilitates return of venous blood to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gravity, when veins are above the heart 
B)  Contraction of skeletal muscles 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Contraction of smooth muscle in most veins of the body 
E)  Valves in veins 
A)  Gravity, when veins are above the heart 
B)  Contraction of skeletal muscles 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Contraction of smooth muscle in most veins of the body 
E)  Valves in veins

Question 11

Which of the following groups of vertebrates is phylogenetically oldest and retains the ancestral type of heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles 
B)  Amphibians 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals 
A)  Reptiles 
B)  Amphibians 
C)  Fishes 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals

Question 12

Blood performs all the following functions except

Accepted Answer

A)  transportation of O2 and CO2. 
B)  distribution of body heat. 
C)  production of red blood cells. 
D)  acting as a buffer to changes in pH. 
E)  transportation of nutrients to cells. 
A)  transportation of O2 and CO2. 
B)  distribution of body heat. 
C)  production of red blood cells. 
D)  acting as a buffer to changes in pH. 
E)  transportation of nutrients to cells.

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms is used to regulate blood pressure in the closed circulatory system of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing the force of heart contraction 
B)  Constricting and relaxing sphincters in the walls of arterioles 
C)  Adjusting the volume of blood contained in the veins 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Changing the force of heart contraction 
B)  Constricting and relaxing sphincters in the walls of arterioles 
C)  Adjusting the volume of blood contained in the veins 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

Oxygenated blood is carried by the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  pulmonary vein. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  aorta. 
B)  pulmonary vein. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 15

Stretch receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

Accepted Answer

A)  detect atherosclerosis. 
B)  detect changes in blood pressure and relay them to the brain. 
C)  constrict arteries when available O2 is low. 
D)  detect when a flexor muscle is stretched too far and then pump more blood to the muscle. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  detect atherosclerosis. 
B)  detect changes in blood pressure and relay them to the brain. 
C)  constrict arteries when available O2 is low. 
D)  detect when a flexor muscle is stretched too far and then pump more blood to the muscle. 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following statements about gastrovascular cavities is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organisms with gastrovascular cavities tend to be only a few cells thick. 
B)  Gastrovascular cavities are always highly branched. 
C)  Gastrovascular cavities are filled with interstitial fluid. 
D)  The diffusion path length in organisms with gastrovascular cavities is usually short. 
E)  Large organisms do not usually have gastrovascular cavities. 
A)  Organisms with gastrovascular cavities tend to be only a few cells thick. 
B)  Gastrovascular cavities are always highly branched. 
C)  Gastrovascular cavities are filled with interstitial fluid. 
D)  The diffusion path length in organisms with gastrovascular cavities is usually short. 
E)  Large organisms do not usually have gastrovascular cavities.

Question 17

In an open circulatory system,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no heart. 
B)  there is a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  blood flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between blood and tissue fluid. 
A)  there is no heart. 
B)  there is a gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  blood flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between blood and tissue fluid.

Question 18

Precapillary sphincters

Accepted Answer

A)  increase blood pressure to the arteries. 
B)  decrease blood pressure to the veins. 
C)  shut off the supply of blood to the capillary bed. 
D)  increase blood pressure to the capillaries. 
E)  provide blood to smooth muscles surrounding capillary beds. 
A)  increase blood pressure to the arteries. 
B)  decrease blood pressure to the veins. 
C)  shut off the supply of blood to the capillary bed. 
D)  increase blood pressure to the capillaries. 
E)  provide blood to smooth muscles surrounding capillary beds.

Question 19

In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atria; contracting; systole 
B)  atria; contracting; diastole 
C)  ventricles; contracting; systole 
D)  ventricles; relaxing; systole 
E)  ventricles; relaxing; diastole 
A)  atria; contracting; systole 
B)  atria; contracting; diastole 
C)  ventricles; contracting; systole 
D)  ventricles; relaxing; systole 
E)  ventricles; relaxing; diastole

Question 20

Refer to the diagram below. Which of the following represents the correct direction of the formation of the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 
B)  1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 5 
C)  1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 5 
D)  1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5 
E)  6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 
B)  1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 5 
C)  1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 5 
D)  1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5 
E)  6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2

Exam 50: Circulatory Systems

The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of a(n)

By definition, all arteries carry

A high _______ will lead to an autoregulatory increase of blood flow to a tissue.

The Frank-Starling law suggests that during exercise, the

The "lub-dup" sounds of the cardiac cycle are caused by the _______.

Which of the following is an advantage of closed circulatory systems as compared to open circulatory systems?

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure or region containing blood with the lowest O2 concentration is the

Blood is at its lowest pressure in the

Which of the following vessels carry blood back to the heart?

Which of the following is not a mechanism that facilitates return of venous blood to the heart?

Which of the following groups of vertebrates is phylogenetically oldest and retains the ancestral type of heart?

Blood performs all the following functions except

Which of the following mechanisms is used to regulate blood pressure in the closed circulatory system of vertebrates?

Oxygenated blood is carried by the

Stretch receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

Which of the following statements about gastrovascular cavities is false?

In an open circulatory system,

Precapillary sphincters

In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

Refer to the diagram below. Which of the following represents the correct direction of the formation of the heartbeat?

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In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure or region containing blood with the lowest O₂ concentration is the

In the cardiac cycle, blood pressure is at its maximum when the ___ are _ during _____.