Question 1

Variations of enzymes that allow organisms to adapt to changing environments are termed _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variations of enzymes that allow organisms to...

Question 2

Which type of inhibitor can be overcome completely by the addition of more substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irreversible 
B)  Noncompetitive 
C)  Competitive 
D)  Prosthetic 
E)  Isotonic 
A)  Irreversible 
B)  Noncompetitive 
C)  Competitive 
D)  Prosthetic 
E)  Isotonic

Question 3

Enzymes alter the

Accepted Answer

A)  $\Delta$G value of the reaction. 
B)  activation energy of the reaction. 
C)  equilibrium of the reaction. 
D)  rate of the reaction. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  $\Delta$G value of the reaction. 
B)  activation energy of the reaction. 
C)  equilibrium of the reaction. 
D)  rate of the reaction. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 4

An active site is

Accepted Answer

A)  the part of the substrate that binds with an enzyme. 
B)  the part of the enzyme that binds with a substrate. 
C)  the site where energy is added to an enzyme catalyst. 
D)  the site where enzymes are found in cells. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  the part of the substrate that binds with an enzyme. 
B)  the part of the enzyme that binds with a substrate. 
C)  the site where energy is added to an enzyme catalyst. 
D)  the site where enzymes are found in cells. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Knowing the change in free energy ($\Delta$G) of a reaction tells us

Accepted Answer

A)  the equilibrium point of the reaction. 
B)  the rate of the reaction. 
C)  how fast equilibrium will be reached. 
D)  the optimum temperature for the reaction. 
E)  the activation energy. 
A)  the equilibrium point of the reaction. 
B)  the rate of the reaction. 
C)  how fast equilibrium will be reached. 
D)  the optimum temperature for the reaction. 
E)  the activation energy.

Question 6

_______ is an enzyme needed to hydrolyze lactose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is an enzyme needed to hydrolyze...

Question 7

Trypsin and elastase are both enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds. But trypsin only cuts next to lysine and elastase only cuts next to alanine. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsin is a protein, and elastase is not. 
B)  $\Delta$G for the two reactions is different. 
C)  The shape of the active site for the two enzymes is different. 
D)  One of the reactions is endergonic, and the other is exergonic. 
E)  Hydrolysis of lysine bonds requires water; hydrolysis of alanine bonds does not. 
A)  Trypsin is a protein, and elastase is not. 
B)  $\Delta$G for the two reactions is different. 
C)  The shape of the active site for the two enzymes is different. 
D)  One of the reactions is endergonic, and the other is exergonic. 
E)  Hydrolysis of lysine bonds requires water; hydrolysis of alanine bonds does not.

Question 8

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction is known as the _______ energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of energy needed to start...

Question 9

In a chemical reaction,

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate depends on the value of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
B)  the rate depends on the activation energy. 
C)  the entropy change depends on the activation energy. 
D)  the activation energy depends on the value of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
E)  the change in free energy depends on the activation energy. 
A)  the rate depends on the value of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
B)  the rate depends on the activation energy. 
C)  the entropy change depends on the activation energy. 
D)  the activation energy depends on the value of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G. 
E)  the change in free energy depends on the activation energy.

Question 10

The standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is -7.3 kcal/mol. From this information, one can conclude that the

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction will never reach equilibrium. 
B)  free energy of ADP and phosphate is higher than the free energy of ATP. 
C)  reaction requires energy. 
D)  reaction is endergonic. 
E)  reaction is exergonic. 
A)  reaction will never reach equilibrium. 
B)  free energy of ADP and phosphate is higher than the free energy of ATP. 
C)  reaction requires energy. 
D)  reaction is endergonic. 
E)  reaction is exergonic.

Question 11

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing. 
B)  increasing. 
C)  constant. 
D)  being converted to free energy. 
E)  being converted to matter. 
A)  decreasing. 
B)  increasing. 
C)  constant. 
D)  being converted to free energy. 
E)  being converted to matter.

Question 12

A reaction has a $\Delta$G of -20 kcal/mol. This reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  endergonic, and equilibrium is far toward completion. 
B)  exergonic, and equilibrium is far toward completion. 
C)  endergonic, and the forward reaction occurs at the same rate as the reverse reaction. 
D)  exergonic, and the forward reaction occurs at the same rate as the reverse reaction. 
E)  of an indeterminate nature according to the information supplied. 
A)  endergonic, and equilibrium is far toward completion. 
B)  exergonic, and equilibrium is far toward completion. 
C)  endergonic, and the forward reaction occurs at the same rate as the reverse reaction. 
D)  exergonic, and the forward reaction occurs at the same rate as the reverse reaction. 
E)  of an indeterminate nature according to the information supplied.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An enzyme changes shape when it binds to a substrate. 
B)  Enzymes lower the activation energy. 
C)  Enzymes are highly specific. 
D)  An enzyme may orient substrates, induce strain, or temporarily add chemical groups. 
E)  Most enzymes are much smaller than their substrates. 
A)  An enzyme changes shape when it binds to a substrate. 
B)  Enzymes lower the activation energy. 
C)  Enzymes are highly specific. 
D)  An enzyme may orient substrates, induce strain, or temporarily add chemical groups. 
E)  Most enzymes are much smaller than their substrates.

Question 14

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  always interferes with product release. 
B)  inhibits to the same extent at all substrate concentrations. 
C)  cannot bind to the active site. 
D)  binds to an allosteric site. 
E)  is usually structurally similar to the substrate. 
A)  always interferes with product release. 
B)  inhibits to the same extent at all substrate concentrations. 
C)  cannot bind to the active site. 
D)  binds to an allosteric site. 
E)  is usually structurally similar to the substrate.

Question 15

An RNA molecule that has enzyme activity is called

Accepted Answer

A)  RNAse. 
B)  ribonuclease. 
C)  an allosteric enzyme. 
D)  a regulatory enzyme. 
E)  a ribozyme. 
A)  RNAse. 
B)  ribonuclease. 
C)  an allosteric enzyme. 
D)  a regulatory enzyme. 
E)  a ribozyme.

Question 16

ATP can phosphorylate many different molecules. This means that ATP can

Accepted Answer

A)  receive phosphate groups. 
B)  donate phosphate groups. 
C)  convert molecules to nucleic acids. 
D)  store a large amount of energy when hydrolyzed. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  receive phosphate groups. 
B)  donate phosphate groups. 
C)  convert molecules to nucleic acids. 
D)  store a large amount of energy when hydrolyzed. 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

Luciferin and luciferase are added to soft drinks because

Accepted Answer

A)  they enhance the taste. 
B)  they act as preservatives. 
C)  they detect bacterial contamination by "lighting up." 
D)  luciferase speeds up the release of monosaccharides. 
E)  they hydrolyze disaccharides. 
A)  they enhance the taste. 
B)  they act as preservatives. 
C)  they detect bacterial contamination by "lighting up." 
D)  luciferase speeds up the release of monosaccharides. 
E)  they hydrolyze disaccharides.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The beating cilia of a protozoan 
B)  Cellular respiration 
C)  Phagocytosis 
D)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
E)  The Na+- K+ pump 
A)  The beating cilia of a protozoan 
B)  Cellular respiration 
C)  Phagocytosis 
D)  Receptor-mediated endocytosis 
E)  The Na+- K+ pump

Question 19

If $\Delta$G of a chemical reaction is negative and the change in entropy is positive, you can conclude that the reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  requires energy. 
B)  is endergonic. 
C)  is exergonic. 
D)  will not reach equilibrium. 
E)  decreases the disorder in the system. 
A)  requires energy. 
B)  is endergonic. 
C)  is exergonic. 
D)  will not reach equilibrium. 
E)  decreases the disorder in the system.

Question 20

The inhibition of enzyme activity by noncompetitive inhibitors can be reduced

Accepted Answer

A)  by decreasing the concentration of allosteric enzymes. 
B)  by decreasing the concentration of substrate. 
C)  by increasing the concentration of competitive inhibitor. 
D)  by increasing the concentration of substrate. 
E)  only when they become unbound. 
A)  by decreasing the concentration of allosteric enzymes. 
B)  by decreasing the concentration of substrate. 
C)  by increasing the concentration of competitive inhibitor. 
D)  by increasing the concentration of substrate. 
E)  only when they become unbound.

Exam 8: Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Variations of enzymes that allow organisms to adapt to changing environments are termed _______.

Which type of inhibitor can be overcome completely by the addition of more substrate?

Enzymes alter the

An active site is

Knowing the change in free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G) of a reaction tells us

_______ is an enzyme needed to hydrolyze lactose.

Trypsin and elastase are both enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds. But trypsin only cuts next to lysine and elastase only cuts next to alanine. Why?

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction is known as the _______ energy.

In a chemical reaction,

The standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is -7.3 kcal/mol. From this information, one can conclude that the

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy in the universe is

A reaction has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of -20 kcal/mol. This reaction is

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

An RNA molecule that has enzyme activity is called

ATP can phosphorylate many different molecules. This means that ATP can

Luciferin and luciferase are added to soft drinks because

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

If Δ\DeltaΔ G of a chemical reaction is negative and the change in entropy is positive, you can conclude that the reaction

The inhibition of enzyme activity by noncompetitive inhibitors can be reduced

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Knowing the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) of a reaction tells us

The standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P_i is -7.3 kcal/mol. From this information, one can conclude that the

A reaction has a $\Delta$ G of -20 kcal/mol. This reaction is

If $\Delta$ G of a chemical reaction is negative and the change in entropy is positive, you can conclude that the reaction