Exam 2: The Nature of Molecules

When two atoms share a pair of electrons,the bonding is referred to as

Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic mass,the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of eight elements.This led to the generalization now known as

Your final solution is

A biological researcher is conducting a chemical experiment.He is having trouble with the reaction because too much product is produced and this causes the reaction to slow down.You can see that there is plenty of catalyst in the reaction container.Which solution would you propose to keep the reaction moving along quickly?

Life is thought to have evolved from complex molecules formed by the interaction of smaller molecules in oceans and the atmosphere.The substance which brought these molecules together to interact is

In chemical reactions,the gain of an electron is called

Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges.Such opposite charges make water molecules attract each other through bonds called

The ______ of water molecules determines its chemistry and thus the chemistry of life.

Atom of the same element but with different mass.

All atoms tend to fill their outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons,usually eight.Depending on whether the atoms satisfy this simple octet rule or not will allow the prediction of

Water molecules are attracted to each other because of the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules.These attractions are called

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its ______ number.

After taking your biology exam,you return to your car only to find that you had left the lights on and now the car battery is dead.Your friend offers to jump-start your car,but when you go to hook up the jumper cables you find that the battery terminals are covered with corrosion due battery acid condensation.Which of the following substances could you use to help clean the corrosion?

How does water's high heat of vaporization help you to feel cooler when you sweat?

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?

A substance that acts as a reservoir for H⁺ ions,opposing any increase or decrease in concentration,is a(n)_______.

You walk down into your basement only to find that the carpeting on the floor is damp.Concerned,you look around for any large puddles of water or broken pipes,but find none.In fact,only the basement floor and carpeting is damp.Thinking about the properties of water,you realize that water must have wicked into the porous material,defying gravity.To which properties of water can this effect be attributed?

All atoms possess ______,defined as the ability to do work.

As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university,you see a sign that states in big,bold,red letters: DANGER-RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE.Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet.She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly using which of the following choices.

Carbon-12,Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of _______________.