Question 1

What is the composition of the nucleotides in the chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphate and DNA 
B) Ribose,deoxyribose,phosphate,and a base 
C) Adenine,thymine,guanine,cytosine,and pyrimidine 
D) Uracil and thymine 
A) Phosphate and DNA 
B) Ribose,deoxyribose,phosphate,and a base 
C) Adenine,thymine,guanine,cytosine,and pyrimidine 
D) Uracil and thymine

Question 2

The process of cell division is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Meiosis 
B) Cell cycle 
C) Mitosis 
D) Allele 
A) Meiosis 
B) Cell cycle 
C) Mitosis 
D) Allele

Question 3

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Accepted Answer

A) Anaphase lag 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Chromosome banding 
D) Endomitosis 
A) Anaphase lag 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Chromosome banding 
D) Endomitosis

Question 4

A karyotype is a representation of:

Accepted Answer

A) The molecular structure of DNA 
B) The double-helix structure of DNA 
C) The cell's immunophenotype 
D) Chromosome grouping 
A) The molecular structure of DNA 
B) The double-helix structure of DNA 
C) The cell's immunophenotype 
D) Chromosome grouping

Question 5

Which of the following structural aberrations results in loss of an entire chromosomal arm?

Accepted Answer

A) Inversion 
B) Deletion 
C) Isochromosome 
D) Translocation 
A) Inversion 
B) Deletion 
C) Isochromosome 
D) Translocation

Question 6

The first abnormality described in the lymphomas was in Burkitt lymphoma.This first demonstration of a proto-oncogene that was translocated to a location known to be active in B-cell lymphoma,resulting in the activation of the oncogene,was at what heavy chain locus?

Accepted Answer

A) t(12;21) 
B) t(8;14) 
C) 14q32 
D) P13;q22 
A) t(12;21) 
B) t(8;14) 
C) 14q32 
D) P13;q22

Question 7

Which specimen would be optimal for studying lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Peripheral blood 
B) Amniotic fluid 
C) Involved lymph node 
D) Solid tumor biopsy 
A) Peripheral blood 
B) Amniotic fluid 
C) Involved lymph node 
D) Solid tumor biopsy

Question 8

Incubation with ________ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs _______ incubation in hypotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) KCl;after 
B) Carnoy's fixative;before 
C) Giemsa stain;after 
D) Colchicine;before 
A) KCl;after 
B) Carnoy's fixative;before 
C) Giemsa stain;after 
D) Colchicine;before

Question 9

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding,and explain the purpose of each.

Accepted Answer

•	Step 1: Arrest mitotically active cell

Question 10

A patient is receiving treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.Six weeks after cessation of the treatment,a cytogenetic analysis is performed.A structural aberration is found.Name the most probable aberration(s),and explain how these may occur..

Accepted Answer

The most probable chromosomal aberration

Question 11

What is the main difference between nondisjunction and anaphase lag?

Accepted Answer

A) Nondisjunction results in a trisomy and monosomy,whereas anaphase lag results in a monosomy only. 
B) Nondisjunction results in polyploidy,whereas anaphase lag results in aneuploidy. 
C) Anaphase lag results in a nonviable cell,whereas nondisjunction results in a viable cell. 
D) There is no difference between anaphase lag and Nondisjunction. 
A) Nondisjunction results in a trisomy and monosomy,whereas anaphase lag results in a monosomy only. 
B) Nondisjunction results in polyploidy,whereas anaphase lag results in aneuploidy. 
C) Anaphase lag results in a nonviable cell,whereas nondisjunction results in a viable cell. 
D) There is no difference between anaphase lag and Nondisjunction.

Question 12

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluation of the cell cycle 
B) Chromosome assessment 
C) Mitotic rates 
D) Quantitation of alleles 
A) Evaluation of the cell cycle 
B) Chromosome assessment 
C) Mitotic rates 
D) Quantitation of alleles

Question 13

The harvest procedure for chromosomal banding is accomplished by first activating the cells into mitosis.The active cells are stopped in metaphase by the addition and incubation of agents capable of disrupting the spindle apparatus.The swelling of the nucleated cells followed by fixation results in a preparation of final cell suspension on a slide,which is evaluated for quality.If the cells' quality is not optimum,what must be done?

Accepted Answer

A) Start over with inactivation of the cells 
B) Concentrate or dilute the preparation 
C) Age the preparation by heating overnight 
D) Stain the preparation 
A) Start over with inactivation of the cells 
B) Concentrate or dilute the preparation 
C) Age the preparation by heating overnight 
D) Stain the preparation

Question 14

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C) It would indicate possible metastasis of the lymphoma to that of other hematopoietic organs. 
D) Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease. 
A) Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C) It would indicate possible metastasis of the lymphoma to that of other hematopoietic organs. 
D) Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease.

Question 15

A laboratory professional should process a bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma by using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Tissue culture 
B) Direct harvest 
C) Suspension tissue culture 
D) Mitogen stimulation with PHA 
A) Tissue culture 
B) Direct harvest 
C) Suspension tissue culture 
D) Mitogen stimulation with PHA

Exam 41: Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

What is the composition of the nucleotides in the chromosome structure?

The process of cell division is called:

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

A karyotype is a representation of:

Which of the following structural aberrations results in loss of an entire chromosomal arm?

The first abnormality described in the lymphomas was in Burkitt lymphoma.This first demonstration of a proto-oncogene that was translocated to a location known to be active in B-cell lymphoma,resulting in the activation of the oncogene,was at what heavy chain locus?

Which specimen would be optimal for studying lymphoma?

Incubation with ________ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs _______ incubation in hypotonic solution.

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding,and explain the purpose of each.

A patient is receiving treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.Six weeks after cessation of the treatment,a cytogenetic analysis is performed.A structural aberration is found.Name the most probable aberration(s),and explain how these may occur..

What is the main difference between nondisjunction and anaphase lag?

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

A laboratory professional should process a bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma by using which of the following?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Filters

Incubation with __ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs _ incubation in hypotonic solution.