Question 1

Describe the immunologic features and functions of NK cells.

Accepted Answer

NK cells are effector cells of innate immunity, not adaptive immunity. Their main function is to kill infected cells and to activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes. Their CD markers are not characteristic of either T or B cells.  They have a diversity of receptors that allow them to recognize appropriate target cells and destroy them. NK cells are positive for CD56 and CD16 (the Fcγ receptor III for IgG) and can recognize and attack pathogens with attached IgG via their IgG receptor (CD16).

Question 2

A patient with infectious mononucleosis would most likely produce which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) IgD antibodies 
B) Polyclonal antibodies 
C) Monoclonal antibodies 
D) IgE antibodies 
A) IgD antibodies 
B) Polyclonal antibodies 
C) Monoclonal antibodies 
D) IgE antibodies B

Question 3

Which of the following terms describes an absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Neutropenia 
B) Eosinophilia 
C) Leukocytosis 
D) Lymphocytosis 
A) Neutropenia 
B) Eosinophilia 
C) Leukocytosis 
D) Lymphocytosis D

Question 4

Which of the following describes the components used to construct an immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 heavy chains 
B) 2 light chains 
C) 5 identical heavy chains with 2 identical light chains 
D) 2 identical heavy chains with 2 identical light chains 
A) 5 heavy chains 
B) 2 light chains 
C) 5 identical heavy chains with 2 identical light chains 
D) 2 identical heavy chains with 2 identical light chains

Question 5

What is the difference between polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies?
 List examples of disorders that generate each type of antibody in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Polyclonal antibodies are in a group of

Question 6

What are three defining characteristics that would help the laboratory professional differentiate between a blast and an activated lymphocyte?

Accepted Answer

Blasts: high N:C ratio;large cell;open c

Question 7

An instrument printout shows a normal WBC count with a lymphocyte count of 30%.What can be concluded from this?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient is suffering from an infection. 
B) There is a normal lymphocyte concentration. 
C) The patient is an infant. 
D) The patient has leukemia. 
A) The patient is suffering from an infection. 
B) There is a normal lymphocyte concentration. 
C) The patient is an infant. 
D) The patient has leukemia.

Question 8

Which of the following is found on early T-cell precursors?

Accepted Answer

A) CD2 
B) CD4 
C) CD8 
D) CD34 
A) CD2 
B) CD4 
C) CD8 
D) CD34

Question 9

Which of the following describes the distribution of lymphocytes within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) 75% exist in peripheral blood,25% in lymph nodes and spleen 
B) 50% exist in the circulating pool,50% in the marginating pool 
C) 95% are found in the lymph nodes and spleen,5% in the peripheral blood 
D) 80% are short-lived,20% are long lived 
A) 75% exist in peripheral blood,25% in lymph nodes and spleen 
B) 50% exist in the circulating pool,50% in the marginating pool 
C) 95% are found in the lymph nodes and spleen,5% in the peripheral blood 
D) 80% are short-lived,20% are long lived

Question 10

Which of the following is considered the "pan-B" antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4 
B) CD8 
C) CD19 
D) CD10 
A) CD4 
B) CD8 
C) CD19 
D) CD10

Question 11

T,B,and NK lymphocytes can be differentiated by:

Accepted Answer

A) Morphology 
B) Flow cytometry 
C) Cytochemistry 
D) Cytogenetic karyotype 
A) Morphology 
B) Flow cytometry 
C) Cytochemistry 
D) Cytogenetic karyotype

Question 12

A blood sample from a 40-year-old white female has a WBC count of 10.2 × 10⁹/L and a lymphocyte percentage of 47%.What can be concluded from this?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has both a relative and an absolute lymphocytosis. 
B) The patient has only a relative lymphocytosis. 
C) The patient has only an absolute lymphocytosis. 
D) The relative and absolute counts are normal. 
A) The patient has both a relative and an absolute lymphocytosis. 
B) The patient has only a relative lymphocytosis. 
C) The patient has only an absolute lymphocytosis. 
D) The relative and absolute counts are normal.

Question 13

Reactive lymphocytes differ from normal lymphocytes in that the reactive form:

Accepted Answer

A) Is larger with an increase in basophilic cytoplasm,vacuoles,and scalloped cell shape 
B) Has a condensed nuclear pattern with light pink cytoplasm 
C) Has many granules,deep basophilic cytoplasm,and blast-like nucleus 
D) Has a condensed nuclear chromatin,eccentric nucleus,and deep blue cytoplasm 
A) Is larger with an increase in basophilic cytoplasm,vacuoles,and scalloped cell shape 
B) Has a condensed nuclear pattern with light pink cytoplasm 
C) Has many granules,deep basophilic cytoplasm,and blast-like nucleus 
D) Has a condensed nuclear chromatin,eccentric nucleus,and deep blue cytoplasm

Question 14

The commitment of a lymphocyte precursor cell to a T lymphocyte can be defined based on:

Accepted Answer

A) Rearrangement of the gene loci for the TCR 
B) Rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene 
C) Presence of CD 19 and CD 10 by flow cytometry 
D) Presence of TdT 
A) Rearrangement of the gene loci for the TCR 
B) Rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene 
C) Presence of CD 19 and CD 10 by flow cytometry 
D) Presence of TdT

Question 15

The identity of immunoglobulins is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A) The number of B cells containing the antibody 
B) The complexity of the antibody 
C) The isotype of the heavy chain 
D) The specificity of the variable region 
A) The number of B cells containing the antibody 
B) The complexity of the antibody 
C) The isotype of the heavy chain 
D) The specificity of the variable region

Question 16

List the subtypes of lymphocytes in normal adult peripheral blood from most numerous to least numerous.

Accepted Answer

T cells:70%
CD4+: 60

Question 17

A blood sample from a 5-month-old infant indicates a WBC count of 12.5 × 10⁹/L with 65% lymphocytes.What can you conclude from this?

Accepted Answer

A) The infant is normal. 
B) The infant has an infection as indicated by the elevated WBC count. 
C) The infant has a malignancy in the lymphocyte lineage. 
D) There is not enough information to draw accurate conclusions. 
A) The infant is normal. 
B) The infant has an infection as indicated by the elevated WBC count. 
C) The infant has a malignancy in the lymphocyte lineage. 
D) There is not enough information to draw accurate conclusions.

Question 18

Natural killer cells recognize and kill antigens with attached IgG.This mechanism is described as:

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytosis 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Antibody-dependent cellular activity 
D) Innate immune response 
A) Phagocytosis 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Antibody-dependent cellular activity 
D) Innate immune response

Question 19

Compare and contrast the five isotypes of immunoglobulins.Include structure,function,and leukocyte interaction in your answer.

Accepted Answer

IgG: monomer with two heavy and two ligh

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytosis of bacteria 
B) Antibody synthesis 
C) Cytokine secretion 
D) Few in number within peripheral blood 
A) Phagocytosis of bacteria 
B) Antibody synthesis 
C) Cytokine secretion 
D) Few in number within peripheral blood

Exam 8: Lymphocytes

Describe the immunologic features and functions of NK cells.

A patient with infectious mononucleosis would most likely produce which of the following?

Which of the following terms describes an absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes?

Which of the following describes the components used to construct an immunoglobulin?

What is the difference between polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies? List examples of disorders that generate each type of antibody in your answer.

What are three defining characteristics that would help the laboratory professional differentiate between a blast and an activated lymphocyte?

An instrument printout shows a normal WBC count with a lymphocyte count of 30%.What can be concluded from this?

Which of the following is found on early T-cell precursors?

Which of the following describes the distribution of lymphocytes within the body?

Which of the following is considered the "pan-B" antigen?

T,B,and NK lymphocytes can be differentiated by:

A blood sample from a 40-year-old white female has a WBC count of 10.2 × 10⁹/L and a lymphocyte percentage of 47%.What can be concluded from this?

Reactive lymphocytes differ from normal lymphocytes in that the reactive form:

The commitment of a lymphocyte precursor cell to a T lymphocyte can be defined based on:

The identity of immunoglobulins is determined by:

List the subtypes of lymphocytes in normal adult peripheral blood from most numerous to least numerous.

A blood sample from a 5-month-old infant indicates a WBC count of 12.5 × 10⁹/L with 65% lymphocytes.What can you conclude from this?

Natural killer cells recognize and kill antigens with attached IgG.This mechanism is described as:

Compare and contrast the five isotypes of immunoglobulins.Include structure,function,and leukocyte interaction in your answer.

Which of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

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