Question 1

The plasma membrane of blood cells is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbohydrate components (glycolipids,glycoproteins)embedded in the lipid bilayer 
B) The asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids 
C) The hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids directed toward the inside of the lipid bilayer 
D) The absence of peripheral proteins 
A) Carbohydrate components (glycolipids,glycoproteins)embedded in the lipid bilayer 
B) The asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids 
C) The hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids directed toward the inside of the lipid bilayer 
D) The absence of peripheral proteins B

Question 2

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C) Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D) Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin 
A) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C) Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D) Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin D

Question 3

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Exons 
B) Introns 
C) 3' and 5' ends 
D) Heteronuclear RNA 
A) Exons 
B) Introns 
C) 3' and 5' ends 
D) Heteronuclear RNA C

Question 4

If an organism fails to regulate apoptosis,resulting in excessive apoptosis,which of the following processes might result?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurodegenerative disorder 
B) Autoimmune disorder 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Carcinoma 
A) Neurodegenerative disorder 
B) Autoimmune disorder 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Carcinoma

Question 5

The (R)restriction point occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) S 
B) G₂ 
C) G₁ 
D) M 
A) S 
B) G₂ 
C) G₁ 
D) M

Question 6

Which two proteins are critical for the effective function of the G₁ checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

A) Cdk4 and Cdk6 
B) Cyclin E 
C) P21 and p57 
D) P53 and Rb 
A) Cdk4 and Cdk6 
B) Cyclin E 
C) P21 and p57 
D) P53 and Rb

Question 7

Disposal of damaged or misfolded proteins is carried out by which cell component?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosome 
B) Ubiquitin/proteosome system 
C) Caspase/apoptosis system 
D) Molecular chaperones 
A) Lysosome 
B) Ubiquitin/proteosome system 
C) Caspase/apoptosis system 
D) Molecular chaperones

Question 8

In order to maintain ________,terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo _________.

Accepted Answer

A) Cell cycle division;necrosis 
B) Tumor suppression;apoptosis 
C) Homeostasis;apoptosis 
D) Cell regeneration;necrosis 
A) Cell cycle division;necrosis 
B) Tumor suppression;apoptosis 
C) Homeostasis;apoptosis 
D) Cell regeneration;necrosis

Question 9

Predict the effect that the Bax:Bcl-2 complex will have on the apoptotic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) The pathway is activated by Bax: Bcl-2. 
B) The pathway is inhibited by Bax: Bcl-2. 
C) The pathway is not affected by Bax: Bcl-2. 
D) The pathway is activated and then is inhibited by Bax:Bcl-2. 
A) The pathway is activated by Bax: Bcl-2. 
B) The pathway is inhibited by Bax: Bcl-2. 
C) The pathway is not affected by Bax: Bcl-2. 
D) The pathway is activated and then is inhibited by Bax:Bcl-2.

Question 10

Initiation of apoptosis occurs primarily with:

Accepted Answer

A) Activation of p53 
B) Cleavage of appropriate caspases at timely intervals 
C) Stimulus from an inflammatory response 
D) Activation of BCL-2 
A) Activation of p53 
B) Cleavage of appropriate caspases at timely intervals 
C) Stimulus from an inflammatory response 
D) Activation of BCL-2

Question 11

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

Accepted Answer

Rb is the protein product of the retinob

Question 12

What protein is responsible for activating phosphorylation of all kinases involved in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Cdk 
B) CAK 
C) Cyclin 
D) Cdk inhibitor 
A) Cdk 
B) CAK 
C) Cyclin 
D) Cdk inhibitor

Question 13

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) Extrinsic pathway 
B) Intrinsic pathway 
C) Common pathway 
D) None of the above 
A) Extrinsic pathway 
B) Intrinsic pathway 
C) Common pathway 
D) None of the above

Question 14

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Accepted Answer

A) Accelerated apoptosis 
B) Inhibited apoptosis 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D) None of the above 
A) Accelerated apoptosis 
B) Inhibited apoptosis 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D) None of the above

Question 15

Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer development.

Accepted Answer

The most common epigenetic change in the

Question 16

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Ribosomes 
A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Ribosomes

Question 17

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

Accepted Answer

A) Cell membrane 
B) Nucleus 
C) Lysosome 
D) Cytosol 
A) Cell membrane 
B) Nucleus 
C) Lysosome 
D) Cytosol

Question 18

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation)from phase to phase?

Accepted Answer

A) p53 
B) Rb protein 
C) p21 
D) Cyclin D 
A) p53 
B) Rb protein 
C) p21 
D) Cyclin D

Question 19

What feature distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Necrosis requires ATP. 
B) Necrosis is characterized by cellular shrinkage and chromatin condensation. 
C) Necrosis induces inflammation. 
D) Necrosis results in nuclear fragments of 185 base pairs. 
A) Necrosis requires ATP. 
B) Necrosis is characterized by cellular shrinkage and chromatin condensation. 
C) Necrosis induces inflammation. 
D) Necrosis results in nuclear fragments of 185 base pairs.

Question 20

All of the following are initiators of apoptosis except:

Accepted Answer

A) BCL-2 
B) Caspases 
C) TNF-alpha 
D) Fas Ligand 
A) BCL-2 
B) Caspases 
C) TNF-alpha 
D) Fas Ligand

Exam 2: Cellular Homeostasis

The plasma membrane of blood cells is characterized by which of the following?

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

If an organism fails to regulate apoptosis,resulting in excessive apoptosis,which of the following processes might result?

The (R)restriction point occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

Which two proteins are critical for the effective function of the G₁ checkpoint?

Disposal of damaged or misfolded proteins is carried out by which cell component?

In order to maintain ________,terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo _________.

Predict the effect that the Bax:Bcl-2 complex will have on the apoptotic pathway.

Initiation of apoptosis occurs primarily with:

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

What protein is responsible for activating phosphorylation of all kinases involved in the cell cycle?

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer development.

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation)from phase to phase?

What feature distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?

All of the following are initiators of apoptosis except:

Introduction

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Filters

In order to maintain ,terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo _.