Question 1

How is oxygen transport affected in a patient with a defect in beta globin chain production?
 A patient with a defect in alpha chain production?

Accepted Answer

Defects in globin chain production will impair hemoglobin production.Hemoglobin is the main oxygen-carrying protein,therefore oxygen transport will be impaired in both alpha and beta chain defects because less HbA will be formed.

Question 2

Produce an oxygen dissociation curve that would reflect the following conditions and give an example of a condition that would cause these shifts.
a.A shift to the left
b.A shift to the right

Accepted Answer

a.Left shift;decreased H+,CO₂,temperature,2,3-DGP
b.Right shift;increased H+,CO₂,temperature and 2,3-DPG

Question 3

Correlate embryonic/fetal hemoglobin production to stages of fetal hematopoiesis.

Accepted Answer

Fetal hematopoiesis: 
Embryonic phase: Gower I/II, Portland
Fetal: Hgb F
Fetal (medullary phase): Hemoglobin F and Hb A

Question 4

What are the chain designations for hemoglobin F?

Accepted Answer

A) α₂β₂ 
B) α₂δ₂ 
C) α₂γ₂ 
D) α₂ε₂ 
A) α₂β₂ 
B) α₂δ₂ 
C) α₂γ₂ 
D) α₂ε₂

Question 5

How can you detect methemoglobin in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A) By spectral analysis at 541 nm 
B) By spectral analysis at 630 nm 
C) By hemoglobin quantitation using acid elution techniques 
D) By looking at the patient's blood color-it will be blue. 
A) By spectral analysis at 541 nm 
B) By spectral analysis at 630 nm 
C) By hemoglobin quantitation using acid elution techniques 
D) By looking at the patient's blood color-it will be blue.

Question 6

In the complete hemoglobin structure,iron is:

Accepted Answer

A) Attached to the alpha-globin chains 
B) Attached to the non-alpha-globin chain 
C) In the mitochondria 
D) In the protoporphyrin ring 
A) Attached to the alpha-globin chains 
B) Attached to the non-alpha-globin chain 
C) In the mitochondria 
D) In the protoporphyrin ring

Question 7

Which of the following sets of values represents a normal adult hemoglobin distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) 90% A,5% A₂,5% F 
B) 90% A,8% A₂,2% F 
C) 97% A,1% F,2% A₂ 
D) 96% A,2% A₂,4% F 
A) 90% A,5% A₂,5% F 
B) 90% A,8% A₂,2% F 
C) 97% A,1% F,2% A₂ 
D) 96% A,2% A₂,4% F

Question 8

Which of the following is responsible for incorporating iron into the heme molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) ALA dehydrase 
B) PBG deaminase 
C) Uroporphyrinogen III 
D) Ferrochelatase 
A) ALA dehydrase 
B) PBG deaminase 
C) Uroporphyrinogen III 
D) Ferrochelatase

Question 9

Which of the following is a control for hemoglobin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Bohr effect 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Oxygen affinity 
D) Activity of the heme enzyme (ALAS) 
A) Bohr effect 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Oxygen affinity 
D) Activity of the heme enzyme (ALAS)

Question 10

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has the ability to relax smooth muscle,dilate blood vessels,and:

Accepted Answer

A) Increase oxygen affinity. 
B) Decrease oxygenation of tissues. 
C) Inhibit of platelet aggregation. 
D) Decrease formation of methemoglobin. 
A) Increase oxygen affinity. 
B) Decrease oxygenation of tissues. 
C) Inhibit of platelet aggregation. 
D) Decrease formation of methemoglobin.

Question 11

The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process?

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia 
B) Oxygen affinity 
C) Cyanosis 
D) Diabetes 
A) Anemia 
B) Oxygen affinity 
C) Cyanosis 
D) Diabetes

Question 12

What are normal values for forms of hemoglobin found in an infant under the age of 1 year?
 Over the age of 1?
 If they are the same,why?
 If they are different,why ?

Accepted Answer

Under age 1: 90-95% hemoglobin F;up to 5

Question 13

Which of the following causes a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (normal blood pH: 7.35-7.45)?

Accepted Answer

A) A blood pH of 7.54 
B) A body temperature of 103°F 
C) An increased 2,3-BPG concentration 
D) An increased pCO₂ 
A) A blood pH of 7.54 
B) A body temperature of 103°F 
C) An increased 2,3-BPG concentration 
D) An increased pCO₂

Question 14

What conditions can be caused by acquired nonfunctional hemoglobins?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoxia and iron in ferric state 
B) Sulfhemoglobin production 
C) Hypoxia and cyanosis 
D) Decrease in deoxyhemoglobin 
A) Hypoxia and iron in ferric state 
B) Sulfhemoglobin production 
C) Hypoxia and cyanosis 
D) Decrease in deoxyhemoglobin

Question 15

What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) Tetrameric molecule 
B) Globin chain 
C) Heme group 
D) Salt bond 
A) Tetrameric molecule 
B) Globin chain 
C) Heme group 
D) Salt bond

Question 16

How would a tense configuration of hemoglobin impact the transport of oxygen?
 Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Tense configuration is produce

Question 17

Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains?

Accepted Answer

A) Two alpha,two beta 
B) Two alpha,two gamma 
C) Two alpha,two delta 
D) Four gamma 
A) Two alpha,two beta 
B) Two alpha,two gamma 
C) Two alpha,two delta 
D) Four gamma

Question 18

Oxyhemoglobin is in the _______ configuration.This is achieved by the _______ of 2,3-BPG.

Accepted Answer

A) Tense;presence 
B) Tense;absence 
C) Relaxed;presence 
D) Relaxed;absence 
A) Tense;presence 
B) Tense;absence 
C) Relaxed;presence 
D) Relaxed;absence

Question 19

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin:

Accepted Answer

A) Globin 
B) Iron 
C) Haptoglobin 
D) Biliverdin 
A) Globin 
B) Iron 
C) Haptoglobin 
D) Biliverdin

Question 20

When mutations occur in the globin chains of hemoglobin,what two interactions can be impaired?

Accepted Answer

A) Stability and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity 
B) Iron binding and stability 
C) Heme synthesis and affinity 
D) Iron regulation and affinity 
A) Stability and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity 
B) Iron binding and stability 
C) Heme synthesis and affinity 
D) Iron regulation and affinity

Exam 6: Hemoglobin

How is oxygen transport affected in a patient with a defect in beta globin chain production? A patient with a defect in alpha chain production?

Produce an oxygen dissociation curve that would reflect the following conditions and give an example of a condition that would cause these shifts. a.A shift to the left b.A shift to the right

Correlate embryonic/fetal hemoglobin production to stages of fetal hematopoiesis.

What are the chain designations for hemoglobin F?

How can you detect methemoglobin in the laboratory?

In the complete hemoglobin structure,iron is:

Which of the following sets of values represents a normal adult hemoglobin distribution?

Which of the following is responsible for incorporating iron into the heme molecule?

Which of the following is a control for hemoglobin synthesis?

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has the ability to relax smooth muscle,dilate blood vessels,and:

The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process?

What are normal values for forms of hemoglobin found in an infant under the age of 1 year? Over the age of 1? If they are the same,why? If they are different,why ?

Which of the following causes a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (normal blood pH: 7.35-7.45)?

What conditions can be caused by acquired nonfunctional hemoglobins?

What structure within hemoglobin identifies the type of hemoglobin?

How would a tense configuration of hemoglobin impact the transport of oxygen? Explain your answer.

Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains?

Oxyhemoglobin is in the _______ configuration.This is achieved by the _______ of 2,3-BPG.

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin:

When mutations occur in the globin chains of hemoglobin,what two interactions can be impaired?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Filters

Oxyhemoglobin is in the _ configuration.This is achieved by the _ of 2,3-BPG.