Question 1

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B)  Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C)  Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D)  Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin 
A)  Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B)  Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C)  Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D)  Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin D

Question 2

In order to maintain ________, terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell cycle division; necrosis 
B)  Tumor suppression; apoptosis 
C)  Homeostasis; apoptosis 
D)  Cell regeneration; necrosis 
A)  Cell cycle division; necrosis 
B)  Tumor suppression; apoptosis 
C)  Homeostasis; apoptosis 
D)  Cell regeneration; necrosis C

Question 3

Apoptosis plays a role in human development in all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of interdigital webs of the hands and feet 
B)  Formation of the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract 
C)  Differentiation (divergence) of mast cells and basophils 
D)  Selection of appropriate T and B lymphocyte clones 
A)  Removal of interdigital webs of the hands and feet 
B)  Formation of the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract 
C)  Differentiation (divergence) of mast cells and basophils 
D)  Selection of appropriate T and B lymphocyte clones C

Question 4

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell membrane 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Lysosome 
D)  Cytosol 
A)  Cell membrane 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Lysosome 
D)  Cytosol

Question 5

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with ________ and sending them to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Caspase; apoptosis pathway 
B)  Ubiquitin; proteosome 
C)  Cyclins; necrosis pathway 
D)  CDKs; apoptosis pathway 
A)  Caspase; apoptosis pathway 
B)  Ubiquitin; proteosome 
C)  Cyclins; necrosis pathway 
D)  CDKs; apoptosis pathway

Question 6

All of the following are initiators of apoptosis except:

Accepted Answer

A)  BCL-2 
B)  Caspases 
C)  TNF-alpha 
D)  Fas Ligand 
A)  BCL-2 
B)  Caspases 
C)  TNF-alpha 
D)  Fas Ligand

Question 7

Which of the following are apoptosis activators?

Accepted Answer

A)  BCL-2 
B)  Mcl-1 
C)  Bcl-XL 
D)  Bak 
A)  BCL-2 
B)  Mcl-1 
C)  Bcl-XL 
D)  Bak

Question 8

All of the following are potential proto-oncogenes except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins that function as growth factor receptors 
B)  Proteins that bind DNA 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Proteins that neutralize growth factor receptors 
A)  Proteins that function as growth factor receptors 
B)  Proteins that bind DNA 
C)  Growth factors 
D)  Proteins that neutralize growth factor receptors

Question 9

Describe the apoptotic pathway.

Accepted Answer

Death receptor binding of death receptor

Question 10

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

Accepted Answer

Rb is the protein product of the retinob

Question 11

Which of the following is a mechanism of apoptosis in hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expansion of B cell clonal populations in response to infection 
B)  Elimination of PMNs and eosinophils after an inflammatory response 
C)  Production of RBCs in response to anemia 
D)  Progression of acute leukemias 
A)  Expansion of B cell clonal populations in response to infection 
B)  Elimination of PMNs and eosinophils after an inflammatory response 
C)  Production of RBCs in response to anemia 
D)  Progression of acute leukemias

Question 12

At which checkpoint would detection of unreplicated DNA strands occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  G1 checkpoint 
B)  G2/M checkpoint 
C)  S phase checkpoint 
D)  Metaphase checkpoint 
A)  G1 checkpoint 
B)  G2/M checkpoint 
C)  S phase checkpoint 
D)  Metaphase checkpoint

Question 13

The sections of a gene that contain the coding sequences for the final protein product are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Exons 
B)  Introns 
C)  UTRs 
D)  Nucleosomes 
A)  Exons 
B)  Introns 
C)  UTRs 
D)  Nucleosomes

Question 14

Which cyclin component is predominant in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclin A 
B)  Cyclin B1 
C)  Cyclin E 
D)  Cyclin D 
A)  Cyclin A 
B)  Cyclin B1 
C)  Cyclin E 
D)  Cyclin D

Question 15

Differentiate between the two apoptotic ("death") pathways, explaining the method of activation and citing examples for each pathway.

Accepted Answer

The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is tr

Question 16

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  Accelerated apoptosis 
B)  Inhibited apoptosis 
C)  Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Accelerated apoptosis 
B)  Inhibited apoptosis 
C)  Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation) from phase to phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  p53 
B)  Rb protein 
C)  p21 
D)  Cyclin D 
A)  p53 
B)  Rb protein 
C)  p21 
D)  Cyclin D

Question 18

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosomes 
A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosomes

Question 19

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exons 
B)  Introns 
C)  3' and 5' ends 
D)  Heteronuclear RNA 
A)  Exons 
B)  Introns 
C)  3' and 5' ends 
D)  Heteronuclear RNA

Question 20

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extrinsic pathway 
B)  Intrinsic pathway 
C)  Common pathway 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Extrinsic pathway 
B)  Intrinsic pathway 
C)  Common pathway 
D)  None of the above

Exam 2: Cellular Homeostasis

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

In order to maintain ________, terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo ________.

Apoptosis plays a role in human development in all of the following except:

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with ________ and sending them to the ________.

All of the following are initiators of apoptosis except:

Which of the following are apoptosis activators?

All of the following are potential proto-oncogenes except:

Describe the apoptotic pathway.

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

Which of the following is a mechanism of apoptosis in hematopoiesis?

At which checkpoint would detection of unreplicated DNA strands occur?

The sections of a gene that contain the coding sequences for the final protein product are:

Which cyclin component is predominant in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Differentiate between the two apoptotic ("death") pathways, explaining the method of activation and citing examples for each pathway.

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation) from phase to phase?

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

Introduction

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters

In order to maintain , terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo .

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with and sending them to the .