Question 1

The process of cell division is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Meiosis 
B)  Cell cycle 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Allele 
A)  Meiosis 
B)  Cell cycle 
C)  Mitosis 
D)  Allele C

Question 2

What is the composition of the nucleotides in the chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphate and DNA 
B)  Ribose, deoxyribose, phosphate, and a base 
C)  Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and pyrimidine 
D)  Uracil and thymine 
A)  Phosphate and DNA 
B)  Ribose, deoxyribose, phosphate, and a base 
C)  Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and pyrimidine 
D)  Uracil and thymine B

Question 3

The harvest procedure for chromosomal banding is accomplished by first activating the cells into mitosis. The active cells are stopped in metaphase by the addition and incubation of agents capable of disrupting the spindle apparatus. The swelling of the nucleated cells followed by fixation results in a preparation of final cell suspension on a slide, which is evaluated for quality. If the cells' quality is not optimum, what must be done?

Accepted Answer

A)  Start over with inactivation of the cells 
B)  Concentrate or dilute the preparation 
C)  Age the preparation by heating overnight 
D)  Stain the preparation 
A)  Start over with inactivation of the cells 
B)  Concentrate or dilute the preparation 
C)  Age the preparation by heating overnight 
D)  Stain the preparation B

Question 4

What is the main difference between nondisjunction and anaphase lag?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nondisjunction results in a trisomy and monosomy, whereas anaphase lag results in a monosomy only. 
B)  Nondisjunction results in polyploidy, whereas anaphase lag results in aneuploidy. 
C)  Anaphase lag results in a nonviable cell, whereas nondisjunction results in a viable cell. 
D)  There is no difference between anaphase lag and Nondisjunction. 
A)  Nondisjunction results in a trisomy and monosomy, whereas anaphase lag results in a monosomy only. 
B)  Nondisjunction results in polyploidy, whereas anaphase lag results in aneuploidy. 
C)  Anaphase lag results in a nonviable cell, whereas nondisjunction results in a viable cell. 
D)  There is no difference between anaphase lag and Nondisjunction.

Question 5

A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the local hospital presenting with petechiae on his upper torso. Physical examination revealed a thin, pale man. Admission labs came back, and the results revealed the presence of 50% blasts and 25% hypergranular promyelocytes. A bone marrow aspirate was ordered that confirmed the peripheral blood picture. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the following: t (11; 17) (q23; q21). How does this impact the patient's care?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient has a poorer prognosis because of the chromosomal aberration. 
B)  The patient has a favorable prognosis because of the chromosomal aberration. 
C)  The patient will be responsive to all-trans retinoic acid. 
D)  The patient will be resistant to all-trans retinoic acid, so another treatment will be needed. 
A)  The patient has a poorer prognosis because of the chromosomal aberration. 
B)  The patient has a favorable prognosis because of the chromosomal aberration. 
C)  The patient will be responsive to all-trans retinoic acid. 
D)  The patient will be resistant to all-trans retinoic acid, so another treatment will be needed.

Question 6

FISH is a molecular technique that can provide important clinical information that conventional cytogenetic analysis might not be able to provide. In CML, what can FISH identify that conventional cytogenetics cannot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptic translocations 
B)  Nondisjunction 
C)  Constitutional aberration 
D)  Acquired aberration 
A)  Cryptic translocations 
B)  Nondisjunction 
C)  Constitutional aberration 
D)  Acquired aberration

Question 7

During the harvesting phase of sample preparation, the cells are arrested in metaphase by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Incubation with colchicine 
B)  Fixing with Carnoy's fixative 
C)  Incubation with KCl 
D)  Addition of phytohemagglutinin 
A)  Incubation with colchicine 
B)  Fixing with Carnoy's fixative 
C)  Incubation with KCl 
D)  Addition of phytohemagglutinin

Question 8

The patient who has the most favorable prognosis with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might have hyperdiploid karyotypes with a chromosome count ranging from 54-65 with what concurrence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deletions on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
B)  Translocation on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
C)  Trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
D)  Gene translocation at 17q12 
A)  Deletions on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
B)  Translocation on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
C)  Trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
D)  Gene translocation at 17q12

Question 9

Incubation with ________ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs ________ incubation in hypotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  KCl; after 
B)  Carnoy's fixative; before 
C)  Giemsa stain; after 
D)  Colchicine; before 
A)  KCl; after 
B)  Carnoy's fixative; before 
C)  Giemsa stain; after 
D)  Colchicine; before

Question 10

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaphase lag 
B)  Nondisjunction 
C)  Chromosome banding 
D)  Endomitosis 
A)  Anaphase lag 
B)  Nondisjunction 
C)  Chromosome banding 
D)  Endomitosis

Question 11

Which specimen would be optimal for studying lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral blood 
B)  Amniotic fluid 
C)  Involved lymph node 
D)  Solid tumor biopsy 
A)  Peripheral blood 
B)  Amniotic fluid 
C)  Involved lymph node 
D)  Solid tumor biopsy

Question 12

Which of the following chromosomal aberrations is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) 
B)  5q- deletion 
C)  t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2) 
D)  14q11.2 aberration 
A)  t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) 
B)  5q- deletion 
C)  t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2) 
D)  14q11.2 aberration

Question 13

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaluation of the cell cycle 
B)  Chromosome assessment 
C)  Mitotic rates 
D)  Quantitation of alleles 
A)  Evaluation of the cell cycle 
B)  Chromosome assessment 
C)  Mitotic rates 
D)  Quantitation of alleles

Question 14

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B)  Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C)  It would indicate possible metastasis of the lymphoma to that of other hematopoietic organs. 
D)  Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease. 
A)  Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B)  Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C)  It would indicate possible metastasis of the lymphoma to that of other hematopoietic organs. 
D)  Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease.

Question 15

A 42-year-old female patient has a solid tumor in her left lung. The physician has ordered cytogenetic analysis. What type of specimen is needed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow aspirate 
B)  Pleural effusion 
C)  Peripheral blood 
D)  Lymph node biopsy 
A)  Bone marrow aspirate 
B)  Pleural effusion 
C)  Peripheral blood 
D)  Lymph node biopsy

Question 16

A karyotype is a representation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecular structure of DNA 
B)  The double-helix structure of DNA 
C)  The cell's immunophenotype 
D)  Chromosome grouping 
A)  The molecular structure of DNA 
B)  The double-helix structure of DNA 
C)  The cell's immunophenotype 
D)  Chromosome grouping

Question 17

Following a successful bone marrow transplant as treatment for a hematopoietic disorder, what is the term used if the recipient's cells have a normal karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Partial engraftment 
B)  Chimerism 
C)  Mosaic 
D)  Aneuploid 
A)  Partial engraftment 
B)  Chimerism 
C)  Mosaic 
D)  Aneuploid

Question 18

A cytogenetic analysis is performed, and the result is inv (7) (q21q32). Name the structural aberration and explain how it was formed.

Accepted Answer

This structural aberration is paracentri

Question 19

Which of the following represents the location of the chromosomes during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the complete cell 
B)  In the center of the cell 
C)  On opposite poles of the cell 
D)  In the nucleolus 
A)  In the complete cell 
B)  In the center of the cell 
C)  On opposite poles of the cell 
D)  In the nucleolus

Question 20

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding, and explain the purpose of each.

Accepted Answer

• Step 1: Arrest mitotically active cell

Exam 41: Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

The process of cell division is called:

What is the composition of the nucleotides in the chromosome structure?

What is the main difference between nondisjunction and anaphase lag?

FISH is a molecular technique that can provide important clinical information that conventional cytogenetic analysis might not be able to provide. In CML, what can FISH identify that conventional cytogenetics cannot?

During the harvesting phase of sample preparation, the cells are arrested in metaphase by:

The patient who has the most favorable prognosis with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might have hyperdiploid karyotypes with a chromosome count ranging from 54-65 with what concurrence?

Incubation with ________ stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs ________ incubation in hypotonic solution.

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Which specimen would be optimal for studying lymphoma?

Which of the following chromosomal aberrations is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

A 42-year-old female patient has a solid tumor in her left lung. The physician has ordered cytogenetic analysis. What type of specimen is needed?

A karyotype is a representation of:

Following a successful bone marrow transplant as treatment for a hematopoietic disorder, what is the term used if the recipient's cells have a normal karyotype?

A cytogenetic analysis is performed, and the result is inv (7) (q21q32). Name the structural aberration and explain how it was formed.

Which of the following represents the location of the chromosomes during metaphase?

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding, and explain the purpose of each.

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters

Incubation with stops rapid cell division in metaphase and occurs incubation in hypotonic solution.