Question 1

Which metabolic pathway protects hemoglobin from oxidation via NADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapoport-Luebering shunt 
B)  Embden Meyerhof pathway 
C)  Hexose monophosphate shunt 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase pathway 
A)  Rapoport-Luebering shunt 
B)  Embden Meyerhof pathway 
C)  Hexose monophosphate shunt 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase pathway D

Question 2

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate stage of maturing erythrocytes:
a. Erythrocyte
b. Pronormoblast
c. Polychromatophilic normoblast
d. Reticulocyte
e. Basophilic normoblast
f. Orthochromic normoblast
________ Earliest morphologically recognizable erythrocytic cell
________ First visible appearance of hemoglobin
________ Stage when the nucleus becomes pyknotic and is extruded
________ First stage without a nucleus
________ First stage without ribosomes
________ Last stage capable of mitosis

Accepted Answer

b, e, f, d, a, c

Question 3

Explain how the body catabolizes hemoglobin in both extravascular and intravascular hemolysis.

Accepted Answer

Extravascular: Hemoglobin dissociates into heme + globin; globin goes amino acid pool where it is reutilized; heme → biliverdin → bilirubin bilirubin + albumin → bilirubin diglucuronide → urobilinogen → stool and urine excretion.
Intravascular: Hemoglobin is released directly into the blood where it complexes with haptoglobin and is carried to the liver where it is catabolized the same way as in extravascular hemolysis. If haptoglobin is depleted, the hemoglobin dimers can be filtered by the kidney; also with haptoglobin depletion some hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin; the heme binds to hemopexin and albumin, and both travel to the liver and follow same mechanism for excretion as extravascular.

Question 4

What element or property contributes to the normal shape of the RBC?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Spectrin tetramer 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Spectrin tetramer 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Magnesium

Question 5

Which of the following molecules is a senescence signal when it is exposed on the outer leaflet of the erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Band 3 
B)  Ankyrin 
C)  Phosphatidylethanolamine (P
E)  
D)  Phosphatidylserine (PS) 
A)  Band 3 
B)  Ankyrin 
C)  Phosphatidylethanolamine (P
E)  
D)  Phosphatidylserine (PS)

Question 6

Of the following, who would have the highest concentration of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child 
B)  A patient who has just donated a kidney 
C)  An anemic patient 
D)  A pregnant mother 
A)  A child 
B)  A patient who has just donated a kidney 
C)  An anemic patient 
D)  A pregnant mother

Question 7

The average RBC is what size?

Accepted Answer

A)  20-25 mcM 
B)  2-3 mcM 
C)  12-15 mcM 
D)  7-8 mcM 
A)  20-25 mcM 
B)  2-3 mcM 
C)  12-15 mcM 
D)  7-8 mcM

Question 8

Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen correlates to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  An elevated 2,3-BPG 
B)  A normal 2,3-BPG 
C)  A decreased 2,3-BPG 
D)  This cannot be determined. 
A)  An elevated 2,3-BPG 
B)  A normal 2,3-BPG 
C)  A decreased 2,3-BPG 
D)  This cannot be determined.

Question 9

Red blood cell production begins with what cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progenitor 
B)  Hematopoietic stem cell 
C)  CFU 
D)  BFU 
A)  Progenitor 
B)  Hematopoietic stem cell 
C)  CFU 
D)  BFU

Question 10

Which component of the erythrocyte membrane is primarily responsible for the zeta potential of the red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phospholipids 
B)  Glycolipids 
C)  Spectrin 
D)  Integral proteins 
A)  Phospholipids 
B)  Glycolipids 
C)  Spectrin 
D)  Integral proteins

Question 11

Predict the results of erythropoietin in a patient with hypoxia.

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be increased. 
B)  It will be normal. 
C)  It will be decreased. 
D)  This cannot be determined. 
A)  It will be increased. 
B)  It will be normal. 
C)  It will be decreased. 
D)  This cannot be determined.

Question 12

Which of the following "marks" the RBC as senescent?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cluster of band 3 proteins on the RBC membrane 
B)  An RBC with denatured hemoglobin on the RBC membrane 
C)  An elongated RBC 
D)  Hyperphosphorylation of integral proteins 
A)  A cluster of band 3 proteins on the RBC membrane 
B)  An RBC with denatured hemoglobin on the RBC membrane 
C)  An elongated RBC 
D)  Hyperphosphorylation of integral proteins

Question 13

In a nonanemic adult, what is the normal range for peripheral blood reticulocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5-1.0% 
B)  0.1-1.0% 
C)  2.0-4.0% 
D)  0.5-2.0% 
A)  0.5-1.0% 
B)  0.1-1.0% 
C)  2.0-4.0% 
D)  0.5-2.0%

Question 14

Which major integral protein is used in the mechanism to transport the chloride-bicarbonate exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose transporter 
B)  Anion exchange protein 
C)  Ankyrin 
D)  Adducing 
A)  Glucose transporter 
B)  Anion exchange protein 
C)  Ankyrin 
D)  Adducing

Question 15

What contributes to the RBC cell's membrane integrity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal proteins 
B)  Glycolytic pathway 
C)  2,3-BPG 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase 
A)  Skeletal proteins 
B)  Glycolytic pathway 
C)  2,3-BPG 
D)  Methemoglobin reductase

Question 16

Choose the correct order of normoblastic maturation from least mature to most mature.

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythrocyte, reticulocyte, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast 
B)  Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte 
C)  Basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, erythrocyte 
D)  Pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte 
A)  Erythrocyte, reticulocyte, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast 
B)  Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte 
C)  Basophilic normoblast, pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, erythrocyte 
D)  Pronormoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromatic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Question 17

Which part of the RBC membrane is essential for transporting proteins and anions across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids 
B)  Integral proteins 
C)  Peripheral proteins 
D)  Skeletal proteins 
A)  Lipids 
B)  Integral proteins 
C)  Peripheral proteins 
D)  Skeletal proteins

Question 18

Where does normal extravascular hemolysis take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood vessels and bone marrow 
B)  Lymph nodes and spleen 
C)  Spleen and liver 
D)  Bone marrow and liver 
A)  Blood vessels and bone marrow 
B)  Lymph nodes and spleen 
C)  Spleen and liver 
D)  Bone marrow and liver

Question 19

Energy metabolism of the erythrocyte is achieved primarily through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerobic glycolysis 
B)  Anaerobic glycolysis 
C)  Asexual replication 
D)  Mitosis 
A)  Aerobic glycolysis 
B)  Anaerobic glycolysis 
C)  Asexual replication 
D)  Mitosis

Question 20

A blood sample has an elevated bilirubin, low haptoglobin, and low hemopexin. What is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased extravascular hemolysis 
B)  Hypersplenism 
C)  Ineffective erythropoiesis 
D)  Increased intravascular hemolysis 
A)  Increased extravascular hemolysis 
B)  Hypersplenism 
C)  Ineffective erythropoiesis 
D)  Increased intravascular hemolysis

Exam 5: The Erythrocyte

Which metabolic pathway protects hemoglobin from oxidation via NADH?

Explain how the body catabolizes hemoglobin in both extravascular and intravascular hemolysis.

What element or property contributes to the normal shape of the RBC?

Which of the following molecules is a senescence signal when it is exposed on the outer leaflet of the erythrocyte?

Of the following, who would have the highest concentration of erythropoietin?

The average RBC is what size?

Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen correlates to which of the following?

Red blood cell production begins with what cell?

Which component of the erythrocyte membrane is primarily responsible for the zeta potential of the red blood cell?

Predict the results of erythropoietin in a patient with hypoxia.

Which of the following "marks" the RBC as senescent?

In a nonanemic adult, what is the normal range for peripheral blood reticulocytes?

Which major integral protein is used in the mechanism to transport the chloride-bicarbonate exchange?

What contributes to the RBC cell's membrane integrity?

Choose the correct order of normoblastic maturation from least mature to most mature.

Which part of the RBC membrane is essential for transporting proteins and anions across the membrane?

Where does normal extravascular hemolysis take place?

Energy metabolism of the erythrocyte is achieved primarily through which of the following?

A blood sample has an elevated bilirubin, low haptoglobin, and low hemopexin. What is the most likely reason for this?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

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