Question 1

Which of the following represents the granule pattern of a dysplastic cell in MDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agranular 
B)  Hypogranular 
C)  Clumped granular 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Agranular 
B)  Hypogranular 
C)  Clumped granular 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

An unknown cell possesses the following characteristics: blastlike with open chromatin pattern, prominent nucleoli, absence of granules, and a high N:C ratio. Based on this information, what is the cell's most probable identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agranular blast 
B)  Granular blast 
C)  Dysplastic promyelocyte 
D)  Promyelocyte 
A)  Agranular blast 
B)  Granular blast 
C)  Dysplastic promyelocyte 
D)  Promyelocyte

Question 3

A bone marrow specimen is received in the cytogenetics lab. FISH analysis has been ordered. The laboratician performs the assay and notices that 96% of the patient's cells contain both 5q- and 12q- deletions. These cytogenetic findings are characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  CML 
B)  AML 
C)  MDS 
D)  ALL 
A)  CML 
B)  AML 
C)  MDS 
D)  ALL

Question 4

Which type of cell contains scattered, primary azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm, has a centralized nucleus with a high N:C ratio, and can be found in both AML and MDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agranular blast 
B)  Granular blast 
C)  Dysplastic promyelocyte 
D)  Promyelocyte 
A)  Agranular blast 
B)  Granular blast 
C)  Dysplastic promyelocyte 
D)  Promyelocyte

Question 5

Which of the following tests would help differentiate between MDS/MPN disorders and CML?

Accepted Answer

A)  CBC 
B)  PB smear 
C)  Cytogenetic analysis 
D)  LAP stain 
A)  CBC 
B)  PB smear 
C)  Cytogenetic analysis 
D)  LAP stain

Question 6

What is the major criterion for the diagnosis of acute leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cytoplasm of the blasts contains no granules. 
B)  The nuclear cytoplasmic ratio in blasts is lower than that of type I blasts. 
C)  The blast count is 20% in the bone marrow. 
A)  The cytoplasm of the blasts contains no granules. 
B)  The nuclear cytoplasmic ratio in blasts is lower than that of type I blasts. 
C)  The blast count is 20% in the bone marrow.

Question 7

MDS associated with isolated del(5q) frequently shows dysplasia in which cell lineage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythroid 
B)  Myeloid 
C)  Megakaryocytic 
D)  Monocytes 
A)  Erythroid 
B)  Myeloid 
C)  Megakaryocytic 
D)  Monocytes

Question 8

The chromosomal abnormalities present in most cases of MDS are located on which of the following chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 8 
B)  3, 7, 12 
C)  5, 7, 9 
D)  5, 7, 8 
A)  4, 6, 8 
B)  3, 7, 12 
C)  5, 7, 9 
D)  5, 7, 8

Question 9

A patient presents with general anemia and rare or no blasts. The bone marrow smear reveals 3% blasts, no Auer rods, and 12% ringed sideroblasts. Which MDS classification is the associated with these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  MDS-RS 
B)  MDS-SLD 
C)  MDS-U 
D)  MDS associated with isolated del(5q) 
A)  MDS-RS 
B)  MDS-SLD 
C)  MDS-U 
D)  MDS associated with isolated del(5q)

Question 10

A technologist is reviewing a blood smear and finds a rare blast. Bone marrow analysis shows dysplasia in 30% of the erythroblasts and the myeloid precursors and 4% blasts. What is a possible diagnosis based on these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  MDS-SLD 
B)  MDS-EB-1 
C)  MDS-RS 
D)  MDS-MLD 
A)  MDS-SLD 
B)  MDS-EB-1 
C)  MDS-RS 
D)  MDS-MLD

Question 11

Explain the relationship between myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia.

Accepted Answer

Myelodysplastic syndromes eventually can

Question 12

Which of the following IPSS scores has the highest survival rate in MDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  0.5 
C)  1.0 
D)  1.5 
A)  0 
B)  0.5 
C)  1.0 
D)  1.5

Question 13

Which of the World Health Organization's MDS subgroups contains two or more cytopenias, rare or no blasts, 9/L monocytes in the peripheral blood, <5% blasts, and <15% ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  MDS-SLD 
B)  MDS-RS-SLD 
C)  MDS-MLD 
D)  MDS-EB-2 
A)  MDS-SLD 
B)  MDS-RS-SLD 
C)  MDS-MLD 
D)  MDS-EB-2

Question 14

Give at least five morphologic indicators of dyserythropoiesis.

Accepted Answer

Evidence of dyserythropoiesis in periphe

Exam 25: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Which of the following represents the granule pattern of a dysplastic cell in MDS?

An unknown cell possesses the following characteristics: blastlike with open chromatin pattern, prominent nucleoli, absence of granules, and a high N:C ratio. Based on this information, what is the cell's most probable identity?

A bone marrow specimen is received in the cytogenetics lab. FISH analysis has been ordered. The laboratician performs the assay and notices that 96% of the patient's cells contain both 5q- and 12q- deletions. These cytogenetic findings are characteristic of:

Which type of cell contains scattered, primary azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm, has a centralized nucleus with a high N:C ratio, and can be found in both AML and MDS?

Which of the following tests would help differentiate between MDS/MPN disorders and CML?

What is the major criterion for the diagnosis of acute leukemia?

MDS associated with isolated del(5q) frequently shows dysplasia in which cell lineage?

The chromosomal abnormalities present in most cases of MDS are located on which of the following chromosomes?

A patient presents with general anemia and rare or no blasts. The bone marrow smear reveals 3% blasts, no Auer rods, and 12% ringed sideroblasts. Which MDS classification is the associated with these findings?

A technologist is reviewing a blood smear and finds a rare blast. Bone marrow analysis shows dysplasia in 30% of the erythroblasts and the myeloid precursors and 4% blasts. What is a possible diagnosis based on these findings?

Explain the relationship between myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia.

Which of the following IPSS scores has the highest survival rate in MDS?

Which of the World Health Organization's MDS subgroups contains two or more cytopenias, rare or no blasts, <1 × 109/L monocytes in the peripheral blood, <5% blasts, and <15% ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow?

Give at least five morphologic indicators of dyserythropoiesis.

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

Granulocytes and Monocytes

Lymphocytes

The Platelet

The Complete Blood Count and Peripheral Blood Smear Evaluation

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopathies: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Disorders of Leukocytes: Granulocytes and Monocytes

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hemostasis: Laboratory Testing and Instrumentation

Hematology Procedures

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters

Which of the World Health Organization's MDS subgroups contains two or more cytopenias, rare or no blasts, <1 × 10⁹/L monocytes in the peripheral blood, <5% blasts, and <15% ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow?