Exam 30: Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of angiosperms?

Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is accurate?

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

Key features of seed plants facilitating life on land include three of the following four traits. Select the exception.

Compared to animal-pollinated plants, wind-pollinated angiosperms ________.

The closest relatives of the familiar pine and spruce trees are ________.

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that ________.

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 metres tall, a source of high-quality timber, and a favourite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilise themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can then enter and allow the remaining seeds to germinate. -Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labelled with (+), and if negative, then the label is (-). Which of the following models best illustrates the direct relationships of the Brazil nut tree and the other organisms associated with it?

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all ________.

The advantages of seeds, compared to spores, include ________.

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilisation (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. -The yolk of an animal egg has what type of analogue in angiosperms?

Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated.

The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the age of the dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition from the pollen and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesise neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans. -If the beetles survive by consuming cycad pollen, then whether the beetles should be considered mutualists with, or parasites of, the cycads depends upon the ________.

In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues. How many chromosomes should be in the nucleus of an egg within the embryo sac prior to fertilisation?

With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?

Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilisation (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. -The shell of a fertilised animal egg has what type of analogue in angiosperms?

Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilisation (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. -The laying of eggs has what type of analogue in angiosperms?

The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 metres tall, a source of high-quality timber, and a favourite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilise themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can then enter and allow the remaining seeds to germinate. -The large white part of a Brazil nut that people eat serves which of the following functions in nature?