Question 1

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  pumping through plasmodesmata 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex 
A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  pumping through plasmodesmata 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex

Question 2

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant

Question 3

The high surface-to-volume ratio in leaves aids in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more light absorption 
B)  less light absorption 
C)  CO₂ absorption 
D)  transpiration 
A)  more light absorption 
B)  less light absorption 
C)  CO₂ absorption 
D)  transpiration

Question 4

Which of the following supports the finding that sugar translocation in phloem is an active (energy-requiring) process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sucrose occurs in higher concentrations in companion cells than in the mesophyll cells where it is produced. 
B)  Movement of water occurs from xylem to phloem and back again. 
C)  Strong pH differences exist between the cytoplasm of the companion cell and the mesophyll cell. 
D)  ATPases are abundant in the plasma membranes of the mesophyll cells. 
A)  Sucrose occurs in higher concentrations in companion cells than in the mesophyll cells where it is produced. 
B)  Movement of water occurs from xylem to phloem and back again. 
C)  Strong pH differences exist between the cytoplasm of the companion cell and the mesophyll cell. 
D)  ATPases are abundant in the plasma membranes of the mesophyll cells.

Question 5

The opening of stomata is thought to involve ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells 
B)  active transport of water out of the guard cells 
C)  decreased turgor pressure in guard cells 
D)  movement of K⁺ from the guard cells 
A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells 
B)  active transport of water out of the guard cells 
C)  decreased turgor pressure in guard cells 
D)  movement of K⁺ from the guard cells

Question 6

Why do most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5° compared to leaves above and below?

Accepted Answer

A)  to allow maximum exposure to light 
B)  to promote a leaf area index above 8 
C)  to reduce shading of lower leaves 
D)  to allow maximum exposure to light and to reduce shading of lower leaves 
A)  to allow maximum exposure to light 
B)  to promote a leaf area index above 8 
C)  to reduce shading of lower leaves 
D)  to allow maximum exposure to light and to reduce shading of lower leaves

Question 7

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex

Question 8

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be from the tissue into the sucrose solution 
B)  be from the sucrose solution into the tissue 
C)  be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal 
D)  occur only as ATP was hydrolysed in the tissue 
A)  be from the tissue into the sucrose solution 
B)  be from the sucrose solution into the tissue 
C)  be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal 
D)  occur only as ATP was hydrolysed in the tissue

Question 9

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of ten square metres. Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  a large, still dam 
B)  a tropical rain forest 
C)  an oasis within a grassland 
D)  the floor of a deciduous forest 
A)  a large, still dam 
B)  a tropical rain forest 
C)  an oasis within a grassland 
D)  the floor of a deciduous forest

Question 10

The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium pump 
B)  water potential 
C)  osmotic potential 
D)  sodium pump 
A)  potassium pump 
B)  water potential 
C)  osmotic potential 
D)  sodium pump

Question 11

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased turgor and increased growth 
B)  mineral transport and increased growth 
C)  evaporative cooling and increased turgor 
D)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport 
A)  increased turgor and increased growth 
B)  mineral transport and increased growth 
C)  evaporative cooling and increased turgor 
D)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport

Question 12

The protoplast consists of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all cell components without a nucleus 
B)  all cell components without a cell membrane 
C)  only the cytoplasm and nucleus 
D)  the living part of the cell, including the cell membrane 
A)  all cell components without a nucleus 
B)  all cell components without a cell membrane 
C)  only the cytoplasm and nucleus 
D)  the living part of the cell, including the cell membrane

Question 13

Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem.
1) Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2) Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3) Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4) Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5) Sugar moves down the stem.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Question 14

Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not all soils have high concentrations of ions. 
B)  Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots. 
C)  Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity. 
D)  There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots. 
A)  Not all soils have high concentrations of ions. 
B)  Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots. 
C)  Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity. 
D)  There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots.

Question 15

Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  potassium 
D)  water 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  potassium 
D)  water

Question 16

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transpiration rates are high 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry 
D)  roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil 
A)  transpiration rates are high 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry 
D)  roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport. 
B)  Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant. 
C)  Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources. 
D)  Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement. 
A)  Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport. 
B)  Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant. 
C)  Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources. 
D)  Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement.

Question 18

During the night, due to lack of transpiration, the water potential within the vascular cylinder ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lowers due to accumulation of minerals 
B)  increases due to accumulation of minerals 
C)  lowers due to loss of minerals 
D)  increases due to loss of minerals 
A)  lowers due to accumulation of minerals 
B)  increases due to accumulation of minerals 
C)  lowers due to loss of minerals 
D)  increases due to loss of minerals

Question 19

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed. 
A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed.

Question 20

Which of the following would tend to increase transpiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  spiny leaves 
B)  sunken stomata 
C)  a thicker cuticle 
D)  higher stomatal density 
A)  spiny leaves 
B)  sunken stomata 
C)  a thicker cuticle 
D)  higher stomatal density

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

The high surface-to-volume ratio in leaves aids in ________.

Which of the following supports the finding that sugar translocation in phloem is an active (energy-requiring) process?

The opening of stomata is thought to involve ________.

Why do most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy, with leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5° compared to leaves above and below?

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ = -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would ________.

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green, thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of ten square metres. Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred as ________.

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of ________.

The protoplast consists of ________.

Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem?

Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots?

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the ________.

Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?

During the night, due to lack of transpiration, the water potential within the vascular cylinder ________.

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Which of the following would tend to increase transpiration?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

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Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

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