Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

What structures would neurobiologists look for if they are interested in determining if an animal can see in colour?

Rods exposed to light will ________.

During an auditory transduction, ion flow varies across the ________.

The conversion of a stimulus into an action potential by a receptor cell is called ________.

The 11 pairs of appendages projecting from the rostral area of star-nosed moles are ________.

Immediately after putting on a shirt, your skin might feel itchy. However, this perception soon fades due to ________.

Which type of receptor would you expect to be most abundant in the antennae of a moth?

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs

"Marine cone snails from the genus Conus are estimated to consist of up to 700 species. These predatory molluscs have devised an efficient venom apparatus that allows them to successfully capture polychaete worms, other molluscs, or in some cases fish as their primary food sources. ) . . conotoxins from Australian species of Conus . . . have the capacity to inhibit specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in higher animals." (B. G. Livett, K. R. Gayler, and Z. Khalil. 2004. Drugs from the sea: Conopeptides as potential therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 11:1715-23.) -What is the adaptive value of this toxin? I. It would cause muscle spasms in the prey. II. It would result in paralysis of the skeletal muscle of the prey. III. It would stimulate digestive tract smooth muscle to cause nausea and vomiting of the prey.

Statocysts contain cells that are ________.

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy because the signal strength is amplified by ________.

Myasthenia gravis is a form of muscle paralysis in which ________.

Among these choices, the most energetically efficient locomotion per unit mass is likely ________.

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when ________.

The venom of cobras contains a mixture of substances that have a variety of physiological effects. One substance in the venom works by preventing acetylcholine from binding to muscle receptors. How does the venom affect the prey of the cobra?

Hair cells in the vertebrate ear are responsible for transducing sound pressure waves. Ion channels in the hair cell membrane open when ________.

Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fibre? 1) Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites. 2) Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex. 3) Transverse tubules depolarise the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4) The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP. 5) An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarises the muscle cell membrane.

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around in its environment by ________.

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's menthol-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of ________.

The structure diagrammed in the figure is the ________.