Question 1

Which of the following can act as a constraint on the evolutionary process?

Accepted Answer

A)  The trade-off between the cost and benefit of an adaptation 
B)  The occurrence of rare catastrophic events, such as meteorite impacts 
C)  The fact that all evolutionary innovations are modifications of previously existing structures 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The trade-off between the cost and benefit of an adaptation 
B)  The occurrence of rare catastrophic events, such as meteorite impacts 
C)  The fact that all evolutionary innovations are modifications of previously existing structures 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

What is the most likely vegetable to be produced from wild mustard, Brassica oleracea, given continued selection for larger stems and flowers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kale 
B)  Brussels sprouts 
C)  Broccoli 
D)  Cabbage 
E)  Cauliflower 
A)  Kale 
B)  Brussels sprouts 
C)  Broccoli 
D)  Cabbage 
E)  Cauliflower

Question 3

Individuals who carry two copies of the allele for the sickle-cell form of hemoglobin suffer from a usually fatal anemia. However, individuals who carry one sickle-cell allele have a greater resistance to malaria. Such individuals demonstrate the principle of _______, which accounts for the maintenance of both the normal and the sickle cell alleles.

Accepted Answer

heterozygo

Question 4

Due to various causes, including DDT poisoning, the population size of whooping cranes was reduced to about a dozen during the 1970s. The population size has since rebounded, and there are now hundreds of whooping cranes. Which of the following would you not expect to see in whooping cranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very low levels of genetic variation 
B)  Very few heterozygous individuals 
C)  Differences in allele frequency between current populations of cranes and historical populations 
D)  Considerable genetic polymorphism 
E)  All of the above would be seen in whooping cranes. 
A)  Very low levels of genetic variation 
B)  Very few heterozygous individuals 
C)  Differences in allele frequency between current populations of cranes and historical populations 
D)  Considerable genetic polymorphism 
E)  All of the above would be seen in whooping cranes.

Question 5

The word _______ refers to the total body of work on the understanding and applications of a field of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The word _______ refers to the total...

Question 6

Three different alleles (b1, b2, and b3) at the b locus exist in a hypothetical population of juniper trees. If the frequency of b1 is 0.4, what can be said about the frequency of b3?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot be less than 0.4. 
B)  It is 0.6. 
C)  It is 0.4. 
D)  It is 0. 
E)  Insufficient information is given to answer the question. 
A)  It cannot be less than 0.4. 
B)  It is 0.6. 
C)  It is 0.4. 
D)  It is 0. 
E)  Insufficient information is given to answer the question.

Question 7

Which of the following modes of selection arises when individuals at both extremes of the distribution have high fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stabilizing selection 
B)  Directional selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  Stabilizing selection 
B)  Directional selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c

Question 8

The fitness of a genotype is a function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  average rates of survival and reproduction of individuals with that genotype. 
B)  individuals that have the highest rates of both survival and reproduction. 
C)  individuals that have the highest rates of survival. 
D)  individuals that have the highest rates of reproduction. 
E)  average reproductive rate of individuals with that genotype. 
A)  average rates of survival and reproduction of individuals with that genotype. 
B)  individuals that have the highest rates of both survival and reproduction. 
C)  individuals that have the highest rates of survival. 
D)  individuals that have the highest rates of reproduction. 
E)  average reproductive rate of individuals with that genotype.

Question 9

The reproductive contribution of a phenotype to subsequent generations (relative to the contributions of other phenotypes) is called its _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reproductive contribution of a phenotype to...

Question 10

Genotype frequencies may be altered by

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  genetic drift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  gene flow. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Natural selection

Accepted Answer

A)  works directly on the genotype of an organism. 
B)  always favors average individuals in a population. 
C)  acts on the phenotype of an organism. 
D)  is unrelated to reproduction of an organism. 
E)  is influenced by the number of offspring. 
A)  works directly on the genotype of an organism. 
B)  always favors average individuals in a population. 
C)  acts on the phenotype of an organism. 
D)  is unrelated to reproduction of an organism. 
E)  is influenced by the number of offspring.

Exam 21: Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Which of the following can act as a constraint on the evolutionary process?

What is the most likely vegetable to be produced from wild mustard, Brassica oleracea, given continued selection for larger stems and flowers?

Due to various causes, including DDT poisoning, the population size of whooping cranes was reduced to about a dozen during the 1970s. The population size has since rebounded, and there are now hundreds of whooping cranes. Which of the following would you not expect to see in whooping cranes?

The word _______ refers to the total body of work on the understanding and applications of a field of knowledge.

Three different alleles (b1, b2, and b3) at the b locus exist in a hypothetical population of juniper trees. If the frequency of b1 is 0.4, what can be said about the frequency of b3?

Which of the following modes of selection arises when individuals at both extremes of the distribution have high fitness?

The fitness of a genotype is a function of the

The reproductive contribution of a phenotype to subsequent generations (relative to the contributions of other phenotypes) is called its _______.

Genotype frequencies may be altered by

Natural selection

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