Question 1

The concept that life may arise spontaneously from nonliving substances is called _______ and was disproved by the experiments of _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous generation; Redi; Pasteur 
B)  vital force; Redi; Pasteur 
C)  spontaneous generation; Franklin; Pasteur 
D)  vital force; Curie; Pasteur 
E)  spontaneous generation; Redi; Curie 
A)  spontaneous generation; Redi; Pasteur 
B)  vital force; Redi; Pasteur 
C)  spontaneous generation; Franklin; Pasteur 
D)  vital force; Curie; Pasteur 
E)  spontaneous generation; Redi; Curie

Question 2

A yeast is cultured in the presence of radioactive phosphate and the following biological molecules are purified. Which molecule should be most radioactive?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  An oligosaccharide 
D)  Fats 
E)  Proteins 
A)  RNA 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  An oligosaccharide 
D)  Fats 
E)  Proteins

Question 3

Which of the following about fatty acids is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon tail. 
B)  They are amphipathic. 
C)  They can form (artificial) bilayer membranes. 
D)  They can form membranes that are impermeant to large molecules. 
E)  They have nonpolar ends and polar tails. 
A)  They are carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon tail. 
B)  They are amphipathic. 
C)  They can form (artificial) bilayer membranes. 
D)  They can form membranes that are impermeant to large molecules. 
E)  They have nonpolar ends and polar tails.

Question 4

The diversity found among DNA molecules is due to the sequence of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diversity found among DNA molecules is...

Question 5

Which of the following supports the "replicator first" theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The role of RNA as genetic material and as a catalyst 
B)  Evidence of the early emergence on Earth of chemical reactions that resulted in monomers 
C)  Evidence of the nearly spontaneous formation of lipid micelles on Earth 
D)  Evidence of the prebiotic chemical generation of cell-like compartments 
E)  The chemical traces of life found on meteorites 
A)  The role of RNA as genetic material and as a catalyst 
B)  Evidence of the early emergence on Earth of chemical reactions that resulted in monomers 
C)  Evidence of the nearly spontaneous formation of lipid micelles on Earth 
D)  Evidence of the prebiotic chemical generation of cell-like compartments 
E)  The chemical traces of life found on meteorites

Question 6

Whether abiotically or in an organism, the synthesis of macromolecules

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs with an increase of entropy. 
B)  is spontaneous. 
C)  requires energy. 
D)  results in a more random system. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  occurs with an increase of entropy. 
B)  is spontaneous. 
C)  requires energy. 
D)  results in a more random system. 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

The pairing of purines with pyrimidines to create a double-stranded DNA molecule is called

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary base pairing. 
B)  phosphodiester linkages. 
C)  antiparallel synthesis. 
D)  dehydration. 
E)  the genome. 
A)  complementary base pairing. 
B)  phosphodiester linkages. 
C)  antiparallel synthesis. 
D)  dehydration. 
E)  the genome.

Question 8

It took about 600 million years for life on Earth to develop. This geologic time frame is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It took about 600 million years for...

Question 9

Astronomers believed the solar system began forming 4.6 billion years ago, when a star exploded to form bodies called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Astronomers believed the solar system began forming...

Question 10

Findings in ancient rocks indicate cells first appeared

Accepted Answer

A)  about 4.5 billion years ago. 
B)  about 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  about 2 billion years ago. 
D)  before rocks were formed. 
E)  before water arrived on Earth. 
A)  about 4.5 billion years ago. 
B)  about 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  about 2 billion years ago. 
D)  before rocks were formed. 
E)  before water arrived on Earth.

Question 11

What properties of a DNA structure make it well suited for its function as an informational molecule?

Accepted Answer

DNA structure is highly regula

Question 12

Nucleotides are joined together in a single strand of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  by carbon-carbon bonds. 
C)  through van der Waal's interactions. 
D)  by glycosidic linkages. 
E)  by phosphodiester bonds. 
A)  by hydrogen bonds. 
B)  by carbon-carbon bonds. 
C)  through van der Waal's interactions. 
D)  by glycosidic linkages. 
E)  by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 13

Some RNA molecules can act as catalysts. Catalytic RNA, or _______, can catalyze reactions on their nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some RNA molecules can act as catalysts....

Question 14

Extensive volcanic eruptions early in the history of Earth are thought to have added all of the following gasses to the atmosphere except

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen sulfide. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  sulfur dioxide. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  oxygen. 
A)  hydrogen sulfide. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  sulfur dioxide. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  oxygen.

Question 15

Which of the following was not synthesized by the Miller-Urey experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of the amino acids used in protein synthesis 
B)  Small carbon sugars 
C)  Adenine and thymine 
D)  Ribose 
E)  Uracil 
A)  Most of the amino acids used in protein synthesis 
B)  Small carbon sugars 
C)  Adenine and thymine 
D)  Ribose 
E)  Uracil

Question 16

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil. 
B)  DNA usually has two polynucleotide strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand. 
C)  DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar. 
D)  DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer. 
E)  In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U. 
A)  DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil. 
B)  DNA usually has two polynucleotide strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand. 
C)  DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar. 
D)  DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer. 
E)  In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U.

Question 17

The nucleotide sequence of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same in all organisms of a species. 
B)  contains only information for translation. 
C)  evolved before RNA. 
D)  contains the four bases, A, T, G, and C. 
E)  is produced by prebiotic chemistry experiments. 
A)  is the same in all organisms of a species. 
B)  contains only information for translation. 
C)  evolved before RNA. 
D)  contains the four bases, A, T, G, and C. 
E)  is produced by prebiotic chemistry experiments.

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

The concept that life may arise spontaneously from nonliving substances is called _______ and was disproved by the experiments of _______ and _______.

A yeast is cultured in the presence of radioactive phosphate and the following biological molecules are purified. Which molecule should be most radioactive?

Which of the following about fatty acids is false?

The diversity found among DNA molecules is due to the sequence of _______.

Which of the following supports the "replicator first" theory?

Whether abiotically or in an organism, the synthesis of macromolecules

The pairing of purines with pyrimidines to create a double-stranded DNA molecule is called

It took about 600 million years for life on Earth to develop. This geologic time frame is known as the _______.

Astronomers believed the solar system began forming 4.6 billion years ago, when a star exploded to form bodies called _______.

Findings in ancient rocks indicate cells first appeared

What properties of a DNA structure make it well suited for its function as an informational molecule?

Nucleotides are joined together in a single strand of DNA

Some RNA molecules can act as catalysts. Catalytic RNA, or _______, can catalyze reactions on their nucleotides.

Extensive volcanic eruptions early in the history of Earth are thought to have added all of the following gasses to the atmosphere except

Which of the following was not synthesized by the Miller-Urey experiment?

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

The nucleotide sequence of DNA

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The concept that life may arise spontaneously from nonliving substances is called ___ and was disproved by the experiments of _ and _____.