Question 1

The specificity of ion channels for the ions they transport is

Accepted Answer

A)  a result of gating of the channel. 
B)  independent of the size of the ion. 
C)  a result of the characteristics of the channel protein. 
D)  a result of the carbohydrates attached to the channel protein. 
E)  dependent only on the charge of the ion. 
A)  a result of gating of the channel. 
B)  independent of the size of the ion. 
C)  a result of the characteristics of the channel protein. 
D)  a result of the carbohydrates attached to the channel protein. 
E)  dependent only on the charge of the ion.

Question 2

Membrane lipids covalently bonded to carbohydrates are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Membrane lipids covalently bonded to carbohydrates are...

Question 3

For each molecule of ATP consumed during active transport of sodium and potassium, there is an import of _______ ion(s) and an export of _______ ion(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  two Na+; three K+ 
B)  two Na+; one K+ 
C)  one K+; three Na+ 
D)  two K+; three Na+ 
E)  three K+; two Na+ 
A)  two Na+; three K+ 
B)  two Na+; one K+ 
C)  one K+; three Na+ 
D)  two K+; three Na+ 
E)  three K+; two Na+

Question 4

The only process that can bring glucose molecules into cells that does not involve the metabolic energy of ATP is

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  pinocytosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  diffusion. 
E)  osmosis. 
A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  pinocytosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  diffusion. 
E)  osmosis.

Question 5

The difference between tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions is that

Accepted Answer

A)  desmosomes and gap junctions contain keratin, whereas tight junctions have collagen. 
B)  gap junctions and tight junctions have specialized protein channels called connexons, whereas desmosomes do not. 
C)  tight junctions and desmosomes have mechanical roles, whereas gap junctions facilitate communication between cells. 
D)  desmosomes and gap junctions are found in epithelial tissue, whereas tight junctions are found in nerve cells. 
E)  they all have different functions, even though their structure is the same. 
A)  desmosomes and gap junctions contain keratin, whereas tight junctions have collagen. 
B)  gap junctions and tight junctions have specialized protein channels called connexons, whereas desmosomes do not. 
C)  tight junctions and desmosomes have mechanical roles, whereas gap junctions facilitate communication between cells. 
D)  desmosomes and gap junctions are found in epithelial tissue, whereas tight junctions are found in nerve cells. 
E)  they all have different functions, even though their structure is the same.

Question 6

Which statement about membrane carbohydrates is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some are bound to proteins. 
B)  Some are bound to lipids. 
C)  They are added to proteins in the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  They show little diversity. 
E)  They are important in recognition reactions at the cell surface. 
A)  Some are bound to proteins. 
B)  Some are bound to lipids. 
C)  They are added to proteins in the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  They show little diversity. 
E)  They are important in recognition reactions at the cell surface.

Question 7

Which of the following limits the movement of molecules by means of carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration gradient 
B)  The availability of carrier molecules 
C)  Temperature 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The concentration gradient 
B)  The availability of carrier molecules 
C)  Temperature 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

What would happen if a suspension of red blood cells in an isotonic NaCl solution was suddenly diluted with pure water by a factor of ten?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing 
B)  The cells would lose water and shrink. 
C)  The cells would swell and lyse (burst). 
D)  The cells would take up water, but the cell wall would prevent bursting. 
E)  The cells would pump water out of the cell. 
A)  Nothing 
B)  The cells would lose water and shrink. 
C)  The cells would swell and lyse (burst). 
D)  The cells would take up water, but the cell wall would prevent bursting. 
E)  The cells would pump water out of the cell.

Question 9

The _______ of animal cells resemble the _______ of plant cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  tight junctions; plasma membrane 
B)  gap junctions; plasmodesmata 
C)  desmosomes; plasmodesmata 
D)  gap junctions; plasma membrane 
E)  tight junctions; plasmodesmata 
A)  tight junctions; plasma membrane 
B)  gap junctions; plasmodesmata 
C)  desmosomes; plasmodesmata 
D)  gap junctions; plasma membrane 
E)  tight junctions; plasmodesmata

Question 10

Persons with the inherited disease familial hypercholesterolemia have very high levels of cholesterol because of

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperactive aquaporins. 
B)  the inability to hydrolysize ATP. 
C)  deficient LDL receptor proteins. 
D)  malformed gap junctions. 
E)  defective ion channels. 
A)  hyperactive aquaporins. 
B)  the inability to hydrolysize ATP. 
C)  deficient LDL receptor proteins. 
D)  malformed gap junctions. 
E)  defective ion channels.

Question 11

Desmosomes include or associate with

Accepted Answer

A)  dense, plaquelike regions. 
B)  keratin fibers. 
C)  external cell adhesion molecules. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  dense, plaquelike regions. 
B)  keratin fibers. 
C)  external cell adhesion molecules. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

When a severely dehydrated patient is brought to the hospital, an IV of normal saline is started immediately. Distilled water is not used because

Accepted Answer

A)  it would cause water to leave the cells of the patient and the cells would collapse. 
B)  nutrients are provided by the saline. 
C)  it would cause the patient's blood cells to swell and eventually burst. 
D)  normal saline is more economical. 
E)  the distilled water might be contaminated by bacteria. 
A)  it would cause water to leave the cells of the patient and the cells would collapse. 
B)  nutrients are provided by the saline. 
C)  it would cause the patient's blood cells to swell and eventually burst. 
D)  normal saline is more economical. 
E)  the distilled water might be contaminated by bacteria.

Question 13

When placed in a hypertonic solution, animal cells

Accepted Answer

A)  shrink. 
B)  swell. 
C)  burst. 
D)  transport water out. 
E)  concentrate. 
A)  shrink. 
B)  swell. 
C)  burst. 
D)  transport water out. 
E)  concentrate.

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion and active transport both

Accepted Answer

A)  require ATP. 
B)  require the use of proteins as carriers or channels. 
C)  carry solutes in only one direction. 
D)  increase without limit as the concentration gradient increases. 
E)  depend on the solubility of the solute in lipids. 
A)  require ATP. 
B)  require the use of proteins as carriers or channels. 
C)  carry solutes in only one direction. 
D)  increase without limit as the concentration gradient increases. 
E)  depend on the solubility of the solute in lipids.

Question 15

Which of the following represents the correct pathway for the synthesis and secretion of insulin, a protein secreted by the cells of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane 
B)  Golgi apparatus, rough ER, lysosome 
C)  Lysosome, vesicle, plasma membrane 
D)  Plasma membrane, coated vesicle, lysosome 
E)  Rough ER, cytoplasm, plasma membrane 
A)  Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane 
B)  Golgi apparatus, rough ER, lysosome 
C)  Lysosome, vesicle, plasma membrane 
D)  Plasma membrane, coated vesicle, lysosome 
E)  Rough ER, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 16

A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and phagocytosis is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ratio of one protein molecule for every 25 phospholipid molecules. 
B)  capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization. 
C)  constant fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation. 
D)  ability of phospholipid molecules to flip over and trade places with other phospholipid molecules. 
E)  asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins. 
A)  ratio of one protein molecule for every 25 phospholipid molecules. 
B)  capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization. 
C)  constant fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation. 
D)  ability of phospholipid molecules to flip over and trade places with other phospholipid molecules. 
E)  asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins.

Question 17

In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction. This type of active transport is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a symporter. 
B)  an antiporter. 
C)  secondary active transport. 
D)  facilitated transport. 
E)  a diffusion mechanism. 
A)  a symporter. 
B)  an antiporter. 
C)  secondary active transport. 
D)  facilitated transport. 
E)  a diffusion mechanism.

Question 18

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from regions of _______ concentration to regions of _______ concentration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diffusion is the net movement of particles...

Question 19

Membranes may

Accepted Answer

A)  be electrically excitable. 
B)  transform energy. 
C)  transduce signals. 
D)  organize chemical reactions. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  be electrically excitable. 
B)  transform energy. 
C)  transduce signals. 
D)  organize chemical reactions. 
E)  All of the above

Question 20

Osmosis

Accepted Answer

A)  helps cells maintain turgor pressure in plants. 
B)  moves macromolecules from one cell to another. 
C)  facilitates the "flipping" of proteins from one side of the membrane to the other. 
D)  keeps concentrations uniform in all cells. 
E)  regulates the membrane potential of the cell. 
A)  helps cells maintain turgor pressure in plants. 
B)  moves macromolecules from one cell to another. 
C)  facilitates the "flipping" of proteins from one side of the membrane to the other. 
D)  keeps concentrations uniform in all cells. 
E)  regulates the membrane potential of the cell.

Exam 6: Cell Membranes

The specificity of ion channels for the ions they transport is

Membrane lipids covalently bonded to carbohydrates are called _______.

For each molecule of ATP consumed during active transport of sodium and potassium, there is an import of _______ ion(s) and an export of _______ ion(s).

The only process that can bring glucose molecules into cells that does not involve the metabolic energy of ATP is

The difference between tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions is that

Which statement about membrane carbohydrates is not true?

Which of the following limits the movement of molecules by means of carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

What would happen if a suspension of red blood cells in an isotonic NaCl solution was suddenly diluted with pure water by a factor of ten?

The _______ of animal cells resemble the _______ of plant cells.

Persons with the inherited disease familial hypercholesterolemia have very high levels of cholesterol because of

Desmosomes include or associate with

When a severely dehydrated patient is brought to the hospital, an IV of normal saline is started immediately. Distilled water is not used because

When placed in a hypertonic solution, animal cells

Facilitated diffusion and active transport both

Which of the following represents the correct pathway for the synthesis and secretion of insulin, a protein secreted by the cells of the pancreas?

A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and phagocytosis is the

In the intestine, Na+ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction. This type of active transport is called

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from regions of _______ concentration to regions of _______ concentration.

Membranes may

Osmosis

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Filters

For each molecule of ATP consumed during active transport of sodium and potassium, there is an import of _ ion(s) and an export of _ ion(s).

The _ of animal cells resemble the _ of plant cells.

In the intestine, Na⁺ and an amino acid bind to the same transport protein that moves the two substances in the same direction. This type of active transport is called

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from regions of _ concentration to regions of _ concentration.