Question 1

Which of the following is the recommended tidal volume for mechanical ventilation in a patient with ARDS who is in acute respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 to 8 ml/kg 
B)  3 to 5 ml/kg 
C)  6 to 10 ml/kg 
D)  10 to 12 ml/kg 
A)  4 to 8 ml/kg 
B)  3 to 5 ml/kg 
C)  6 to 10 ml/kg 
D)  10 to 12 ml/kg

Question 2

A patient receiving long-term positive-pressure ventilation support exhibits a progressive weight gain and a reduction in the hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary hemorrhage 
B)  Water retention 
C)  Hypovolemia 
D)  Hyponatremia 
A)  Pulmonary hemorrhage 
B)  Water retention 
C)  Hypovolemia 
D)  Hyponatremia

Question 3

During volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, should either compliance decrease or airway resistance (Raw) increase, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The peak airway pressure will decrease. 
B)  The inspiratory flow will increase. 
C)  The peak airway pressure will increase. 
D)  The inspiratory time will decrease. 
A)  The peak airway pressure will decrease. 
B)  The inspiratory flow will increase. 
C)  The peak airway pressure will increase. 
D)  The inspiratory time will decrease.

Question 4

Which of the following is the consequence of decreased resistance or compliance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It takes more time to fill the alveoli. 
B)  It takes more time to empty the alveoli. 
C)  It takes less time to fill and more time to empty the alveoli. 
D)  It takes less time to fill and empty the alveoli. 
A)  It takes more time to fill the alveoli. 
B)  It takes more time to empty the alveoli. 
C)  It takes less time to fill and more time to empty the alveoli. 
D)  It takes less time to fill and empty the alveoli.

Question 5

Which of the following variables determine the level of support achieved with proportional assist ventilation?
1) Patient effort
2) Elastance
3) Resistance

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 6

Physiological effects of adding a volume-limited inflation hold to mandatory breaths include which of the following?
1) Decreased PaCO2
2) Increased inspiratory time
3) Decreased VD/VT
4) Longer expiratory times

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 only 
A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 only

Question 7

In which of the following types of ventilation is alveolar expansion during inspiration due to an increase in alveolar pressure?
1) Negative-pressure ventilation
2) Positive-pressure ventilation
3) Spontaneous ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 2 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

Which of the following occur in pressure-limited modes of ventilation?
1) The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as compliance falls.
2) The inspiratory flow varies with patient effort and lung mechanics.
3) Active effort by the patient against inspiration will decrease delivered volume.
4) The volume delivered at a given pressure must increase as Raw rises.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 9

Which of the following is the explanation for the increased ratio when excessive positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diversion of blood from ventilated alveoli to hypoventilated alveoli 
B)  Diversion of blood from hypoventilated alveoli to ventilated alveoli 
C)  Shunt-like effect 
D)  Hyperexpansion 
A)  Diversion of blood from ventilated alveoli to hypoventilated alveoli 
B)  Diversion of blood from hypoventilated alveoli to ventilated alveoli 
C)  Shunt-like effect 
D)  Hyperexpansion

Exam 46: Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Which of the following is the recommended tidal volume for mechanical ventilation in a patient with ARDS who is in acute respiratory failure?

A patient receiving long-term positive-pressure ventilation support exhibits a progressive weight gain and a reduction in the hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?

During volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, should either compliance decrease or airway resistance (Raw) increase, what will happen?

Which of the following is the consequence of decreased resistance or compliance?

Which of the following variables determine the level of support achieved with proportional assist ventilation? 1) Patient effort 2) Elastance 3) Resistance

Physiological effects of adding a volume-limited inflation hold to mandatory breaths include which of the following? 1) Decreased PaCO2 2) Increased inspiratory time 3) Decreased VD/VT 4) Longer expiratory times

In which of the following types of ventilation is alveolar expansion during inspiration due to an increase in alveolar pressure? 1) Negative-pressure ventilation 2) Positive-pressure ventilation 3) Spontaneous ventilation

Which of the following is the explanation for the increased ratio when excessive positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Physiological effects of adding a volume-limited inflation hold to mandatory breaths include which of the following? 1) Decreased PaCO₂ 2) Increased inspiratory time 3) Decreased V_D/V_T 4) Longer expiratory times