Exam 46: Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Detrimental effects of auto-positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) include which of the following? 1) Increased work of breathing 2) Increased pulmonary barotrauma 3) Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 4) Increased venous return

Mean airway pressures can be increased by which of the following factors? 1) Increasing the inspiratory time 2) Increasing compliance 3) Increasing level of PEEP 4) Changing from a square to a decelerating ramp waveform

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would result in the highest mean airway pressure?

Which level of plateau pressure increases the likelihood of causing lung injury?

Which of the following parameters are set when volume-supported ventilation (VSV) is used? 1) Tidal volume 2) Maximum peak pressure 3) Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 4) Flow

Physical assessment indicating the presence of a tension pneumothorax includes which of the following? 1) Unequal chest excursion 2) Hyperresonance upon chest percussion 3) Absent breath sounds 4) Loud breath sounds

Types of damage associated with pulmonary barotrauma include which of the following? 1) Pneumoconiosis 2) Pneumomediastinum 3) Pneumothorax 4) Subcutaneous emphysema

Which of the following lung units would be most prone to air-trapping?

The volume of gas actually delivered to a patient by most positive-pressure ventilation is always less than that expelled from the machine. Which of the following factors help to explain this finding? 1) Gas compression under pressure 2) Presence of built-in leaks 3) Expansion of the ventilator circuitry

What are some key causes of patient-ventilator asynchrony and increased work of breathing during pressure-triggered volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation? 1) Improper trigger setting 2) Insufficient inspiratory flow 3) High peak airway pressures

Which of the following mechanisms explains the impaired renal function seen in patients receiving ventilatory support with positive pressure? 1) Decreased secretion of aldosterone 2) Decreased intravascular volume 3) Increased secretion of vasopressin

Administration of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is associated with which of the following benefits? 1) Helps maintain open alveoli. 2) Helps with alveoli stability. 3) Helps maintain fluid-filled alveoli open. 4) Ensures surfactant-depleted alveoli remain closed.

Moderate rises in pleural pressure during positive-pressure ventilation have a minimal effect on cardiac output in normal subjects. What are some reasons for this lack of effect? 1) Compensatory dilation of the large arteries 2) Compensatory increase in venomotor tone 3) Compensatory increase in the cardiac rate

During pressure-targeted modes of ventilatory support, the volume delivered depends on which of the following? 1) Set pressure limit 2) Patient lung mechanics 3) Patient effort

Potential effects of hyperventilation on the central nervous system include which of the following? 1) Increased O₂ consumption 2) Increased cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) 3) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Which of the following is a benefit of high inspiratory flows during positive-pressure ventilation?

Which of the following terms describe the lung injury associated with the use of low tidal volumes?

Which of the following conditions is associated with a lack of response to increased FiO₂ in patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation?

Which of the following terms describes the lung injury associated with the release of prostanoids?

Ventricular dysfunction occurs in patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation for which of the following reasons? 1) Hypovolemia 2) Excessive tidal volume 3) Receiving more than optimal positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 4) Hypervolemia