Which of the following is/are true about the relationship between chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate HCO3- in acid-base balance? 1) For each Cl- ion excreted into the urine, the blood gains an HCO3- ion. 2) Blood Cl- and HCO3- ion levels are reciprocally related. 3) People with chronically high CO2 tend to have low blood Cl- levels. 4) Activation of the NH3 buffer system enhances Cl- gain and HCO3 loss.

A) 2 and 3 only B) 1, 2, and 3 only C) 2 only D) 2, 3, and 4 only A) 2 and 3 only B) 1, 2, and 3 only C) 2 only D) 2, 3, and 4 only

[H+] can be determined by the use of which factors? 1) HCO3- 2) H2CO3 3) Inorganic phosphorus 4) PaO2

A) 1, 2, and 3 only B) 2 and 3 only C) 4 only D) 1 and 2 only A) 1, 2, and 3 only B) 2 and 3 only C) 4 only D) 1 and 2 only

Which organ system maintains the normal level of HCO3- at 24 mEq/L?

A) Liver B) Lung C) Renal D) Spleen A) Liver B) Lung C) Renal D) Spleen

Normally which of the following occur when the kidneys eliminate H+? 1) Sodium ions (and water) are reabsorbed. 2) HCO3- is reabsorbed in proportion to the H+ excreted. 3) Bicarbonate buffer capacity is restored.

A) 1, 2, and 3 B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 only D) 2 and 3 only A) 1, 2, and 3 B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 only D) 2 and 3 only

Exam 14: Acid-Base Balance

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In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Increased HCO₃^- 3) Increased PCO₂ 4) Increased pH

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 21

What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 22

A patient has a blood gas result of: pH 7.29, PaCO₂ of 60 mm Hg, and a HCO₃ of 18 mEq/L. What is the blood gas indicating? 1) It is indicating a combined acidosis. 2) Patient has a primary respiratory and a primary metabolic disorder. 3) Compensation is not possible.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 23

Which of the following is/are cause(s) of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis? 1) Hyperalimentation 2) Methanol intoxication 3) Severe diarrhea 4) NH₄Cl administration

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 24

Which of the following is/are true about the relationship between chloride (Cl^-) and bicarbonate HCO₃^- in acid-base balance? 1) For each Cl^- ion excreted into the urine, the blood gains an HCO₃^- ion. 2) Blood Cl^- and HCO₃^- ion levels are reciprocally related. 3) People with chronically high CO₂ tend to have low blood Cl^- levels. 4) Activation of the NH₃ buffer system enhances Cl^- gain and HCO₃ loss.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 25

[H⁺] can be determined by the use of which factors? 1) HCO₃^- 2) H₂CO₃ 3) Inorganic phosphorus 4) PaO₂

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 26

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.22, PCO₂ = 49 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 20 mEq/L

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO₂ = 32 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 29 mEq/L

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 28

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of acute respiratory alkalosis? 1) Convulsions 2) Depressed reflexes 3) Dizziness 4) Paresthesia

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 29

Which organ system maintains the normal level of HCO₃^- at 24 mEq/L?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 30

In a patient with Kussmaul's respirations, what acid-base disturbance would you expect to see?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 31

Compensation for respiratory alkalosis occurs through which of the following?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 32

What is the normal range for BE?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 33

Which of the following are components of the body's nonbicarbonate buffer system? 1) Hemoglobin 2) Plasma proteins 3) Organic phosphates 4) Inorganic phosphates

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 34

What compensates for a metabolic alkalosis?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 35

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO₂ = 24 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 4.7 mEq/L

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 36

Normally which of the following occur when the kidneys eliminate H⁺? 1) Sodium ions (and water) are reabsorbed. 2) HCO₃^- is reabsorbed in proportion to the H⁺ excreted. 3) Bicarbonate buffer capacity is restored.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 37

What drives the bicarbonate buffer systems enormous ability to buffer acids?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 38

In regard to acid excretion by the body, which of the following statements are true? 1) If one system fails, the other can help compensate. 2) The kidneys can only remove fixed acids. 3) The kidneys can quickly remove acid. 4) The lungs can quickly remove acid.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 39

What condition or treatment could cause iatrogenic respiratory alkalosis?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 40

Showing 21 - 40 of 100

Exam 14: Acid-Base Balance

In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Increased HCO3- 3) Increased PCO2 4) Increased pH

What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?

A patient has a blood gas result of: pH 7.29, PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg, and a HCO3 of 18 mEq/L. What is the blood gas indicating? 1) It is indicating a combined acidosis. 2) Patient has a primary respiratory and a primary metabolic disorder. 3) Compensation is not possible.

Which of the following is/are cause(s) of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis? 1) Hyperalimentation 2) Methanol intoxication 3) Severe diarrhea 4) NH4Cl administration

[H+] can be determined by the use of which factors? 1) HCO3- 2) H2CO3 3) Inorganic phosphorus 4) PaO2

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.22, PCO2 = 49 mm Hg, HCO3- = 20 mEq/L

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO2 = 32 mm Hg, HCO3- = 29 mEq/L

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of acute respiratory alkalosis? 1) Convulsions 2) Depressed reflexes 3) Dizziness 4) Paresthesia

Which organ system maintains the normal level of HCO3- at 24 mEq/L?

In a patient with Kussmaul's respirations, what acid-base disturbance would you expect to see?

Compensation for respiratory alkalosis occurs through which of the following?

What is the normal range for BE?

Which of the following are components of the body's nonbicarbonate buffer system? 1) Hemoglobin 2) Plasma proteins 3) Organic phosphates 4) Inorganic phosphates

What compensates for a metabolic alkalosis?

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO2 = 24 mm Hg, HCO3- = 4.7 mEq/L

Normally which of the following occur when the kidneys eliminate H+? 1) Sodium ions (and water) are reabsorbed. 2) HCO3- is reabsorbed in proportion to the H+ excreted. 3) Bicarbonate buffer capacity is restored.

What drives the bicarbonate buffer systems enormous ability to buffer acids?

In regard to acid excretion by the body, which of the following statements are true? 1) If one system fails, the other can help compensate. 2) The kidneys can only remove fixed acids. 3) The kidneys can quickly remove acid. 4) The lungs can quickly remove acid.

What condition or treatment could cause iatrogenic respiratory alkalosis?

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In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Increased HCO₃^- 3) Increased PCO₂ 4) Increased pH

A patient has a blood gas result of: pH 7.29, PaCO₂ of 60 mm Hg, and a HCO₃ of 18 mEq/L. What is the blood gas indicating? 1) It is indicating a combined acidosis. 2) Patient has a primary respiratory and a primary metabolic disorder. 3) Compensation is not possible.

Which of the following is/are cause(s) of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis? 1) Hyperalimentation 2) Methanol intoxication 3) Severe diarrhea 4) NH₄Cl administration

[H⁺] can be determined by the use of which factors? 1) HCO₃^- 2) H₂CO₃ 3) Inorganic phosphorus 4) PaO₂

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.22, PCO₂ = 49 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 20 mEq/L

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO₂ = 32 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 29 mEq/L

Which organ system maintains the normal level of HCO₃^- at 24 mEq/L?

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO₂ = 24 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 4.7 mEq/L

Normally which of the following occur when the kidneys eliminate H⁺? 1) Sodium ions (and water) are reabsorbed. 2) HCO₃^- is reabsorbed in proportion to the H⁺ excreted. 3) Bicarbonate buffer capacity is restored.