Question 1

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is the direct product of deamina

Question 2

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules absorb uric acid, sal

Question 3

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: regulation of the concentration of water and salt in the body

Accepted Answer

The Answer of osmole and osmoregulation and electrolytes and osmoregulators is...

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: mollusks

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protonephridia and nephridia and metanephridia and Malpighian is...

Question 6

The major function of the protonephridia in the flatworm is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve water. 
B)  conserve salts. 
C)  eliminate waste materials such as ammonia and urea. 
D)  eliminate excess water. 
E)  regulate the pH of the gastrovascular cavity. 
A)  conserve water. 
B)  conserve salts. 
C)  eliminate waste materials such as ammonia and urea. 
D)  eliminate excess water. 
E)  regulate the pH of the gastrovascular cavity.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: insoluble in water; excreted as crystalline paste

Accepted Answer

The Answer of urea and uric acid and ammonia is...

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: slender extensions of the gut wall bathed in hemolymph

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Malpighian tubules and protonephridia and nephridia and is...

Question 9

Which of the following relationships is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  insects: Malpighian tubules: urea as major nitrogenous waste 
B)  annelids: protonephridia: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
C)  freshwater fish: kidney: large volume of hypertonic urine 
D)  sharks: kidney: large volume of hypotonic urine 
E)  earthworm: kidney: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
A)  insects: Malpighian tubules: urea as major nitrogenous waste 
B)  annelids: protonephridia: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
C)  freshwater fish: kidney: large volume of hypertonic urine 
D)  sharks: kidney: large volume of hypotonic urine 
E)  earthworm: kidney: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste

Question 10

Figure 48-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. Hormonal regulation of sodium reabsorption occurs in the regions labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  3 and 5. 
B)  6 and 8. 
C)  6, 7, and 8. 
D)  8 and 9. 
E)  9 and 10. 
A)  3 and 5. 
B)  6 and 8. 
C)  6, 7, and 8. 
D)  8 and 9. 
E)  9 and 10.

Question 11

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed through the walls of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: discharge of metabolic waste from the body

Accepted Answer

The Answer of interstitial fluid and osmole and osmolarity and is...

Question 13

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes. 
A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes.

Question 14

What are the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  capillary extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  regions of the renal tubule 
D)  vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  capillary extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  capillary extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  regions of the renal tubule 
D)  vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

How do terrestrial animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia across the body wall. 
D)  They eliminate ammonia rather than excreting it. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia. 
A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia across the body wall. 
D)  They eliminate ammonia rather than excreting it. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia.

Question 16

Secretion occurs mainly in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 17

The excretory system of insects:

Accepted Answer

A)  has many openings on the body wall. 
B)  contains flame cells. 
C)  is not connected to the gut. 
D)  excretes uric acid from the rectum. 
E)  relies on diffusion across the body wall. 
A)  has many openings on the body wall. 
B)  contains flame cells. 
C)  is not connected to the gut. 
D)  excretes uric acid from the rectum. 
E)  relies on diffusion across the body wall.

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: the number of particles produces when a solute dissolves

Accepted Answer

The Answer of excretion and osmolarity and osmoregulators and electrolytes is...

Question 19

____ directly deliver blood to the glomeruli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arterioles 
B)  Efferent arterioles 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Renal arteries 
E)  Renal venules 
A)  Afferent arterioles 
B)  Efferent arterioles 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Renal arteries 
E)  Renal venules

Question 20

Figure 48-1   The process represented at step A of the accompanying figure is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia .

The major function of the protonephridia in the flatworm is to:

Which of the following relationships is accurate?

Figure 48-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Hormonal regulation of sodium reabsorption occurs in the regions labeled as:

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed through the walls of the:

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

What are the vasa recta?

How do terrestrial animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

Secretion occurs mainly in the:

The excretory system of insects:

____ directly deliver blood to the glomeruli.

Figure 48-1 The process represented at step A of the accompanying figure is referred to as:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters