Question 1

The process in which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template is called translation . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Include the similarities and differences in their chemical composition and structure, as well as their general roles within the cell.

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA are both polynucleotides. DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose, and contains thymine instead of uracil. RNA is shorter, usually single-stranded, contains ribose, and contains uracil instead thymine. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, and various types of RNA function as intermediaries between DNA and protein.

Question 3

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes. 
A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes. A

Question 4

The notion that the genetic code is universal suggests a common ancestor for all living organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the modern definition of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  A DNA sequence that encodes a specific RNA or protein product 
B)  A DNA sequence that encodes a specific polypeptide 
C)  An RNA sequence that encodes a single polypeptide 
D)  A DNA sequence that encodes several proteins 
E)  A DNA sequence that encodes specific amino acids 
A)  A DNA sequence that encodes a specific RNA or protein product 
B)  A DNA sequence that encodes a specific polypeptide 
C)  An RNA sequence that encodes a single polypeptide 
D)  A DNA sequence that encodes several proteins 
E)  A DNA sequence that encodes specific amino acids

Question 6

Neurospora is an ideal organism to study the effects of genetic mutations because of several reasons. What is one of these?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurospora is a small mammal. 
B)  Neurospora grows as a diploid organism. 
C)  Neurospora requires a medium supplemented with only a few nutrients that it cannot manufacture on its own. 
D)  Neurospora mutant strains that cannot make a particular amino acid can still grow if that amino acid is added to the growth medium. 
E)  Neurospora contains homologous chromosomes that are easily viewed with a light microscope. 
A)  Neurospora is a small mammal. 
B)  Neurospora grows as a diploid organism. 
C)  Neurospora requires a medium supplemented with only a few nutrients that it cannot manufacture on its own. 
D)  Neurospora mutant strains that cannot make a particular amino acid can still grow if that amino acid is added to the growth medium. 
E)  Neurospora contains homologous chromosomes that are easily viewed with a light microscope.

Question 7

The 3 ′ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs are changed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  removing the last phosphate group. 
B)  adding a "cap." 
C)  copying the last few bases so that it can form a duplex structure. 
D)  adding 100 − 250 adenine nucleotides. 
E)  phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule. 
A)  removing the last phosphate group. 
B)  adding a "cap." 
C)  copying the last few bases so that it can form a duplex structure. 
D)  adding 100 − 250 adenine nucleotides. 
E)  phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule.

Question 8

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  a particular amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence. 
A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  a particular amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence.

Question 9

Which of the following numbered events represents the correct sequence of events of prokaryotic translation initiation?
1) large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex
2) initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit
3) initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 
D)  2 → 3 → 1 
E)  3 → 2 → 1 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 
D)  2 → 3 → 1 
E)  3 → 2 → 1

Question 10

Garrod first proposed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were heritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans. 
A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were heritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans.

Question 11

The template DNA strand is described as being parallel to the complementary RNA strand. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Figure 13-2   In the accompanying figure, the portion of the molecule containing the anticodon is indicated by the label:

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  4. 
E)  5.

Question 13

Molecular chaperones assist in the folding of newly synthesized mRNAs . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  The AUG codon 
E)  The UUU codon 
A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  The AUG codon 
E)  The UUU codon

Question 15

A(n) transposon is a DNA sequence that "jumps" into the middle of a gene. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The molecule that connects a growing polypeptide chain and mRNA is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA. 
B)  RNA polymerase. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  a promoter. 
E)  a ribosome. 
A)  tRNA. 
B)  RNA polymerase. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  a promoter. 
E)  a ribosome.

Question 17

A sequence of bases located upstream from a reference point occurs towards the:

Accepted Answer

A)  3 ′ end of the amino acid sequence. 
B)  5 ′ end of the mRNA sequence. 
C)  3 ′ end of the mRNA sequence. 
D)  5 ′ end of the transcribed DNA strand. 
E)  carboxyl end of the amino acid sequence. 
A)  3 ′ end of the amino acid sequence. 
B)  5 ′ end of the mRNA sequence. 
C)  3 ′ end of the mRNA sequence. 
D)  5 ′ end of the transcribed DNA strand. 
E)  carboxyl end of the amino acid sequence.

Question 18

Signal-recognition particle RNA is involved in directing the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex to the rough ER . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A ____ mutation results in the conversion of a codon specifying an amino acid to a termination codon.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense 
B)  frameshift 
C)  chromosomal 
D)  missense 
E)  silent 
A)  nonsense 
B)  frameshift 
C)  chromosomal 
D)  missense 
E)  silent

Question 20

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy input. 
B)  energy supplied by two ATP molecules. 
C)  energy supplied by GTP. 
D)  activation of the A site. 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule. 
A)  no energy input. 
B)  energy supplied by two ATP molecules. 
C)  energy supplied by GTP. 
D)  activation of the A site. 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule.

Exam 13: Gene Expression

The process in which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template is called translation . __________________

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Include the similarities and differences in their chemical composition and structure, as well as their general roles within the cell.

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

The notion that the genetic code is universal suggests a common ancestor for all living organisms.

What is the modern definition of a gene?

Neurospora is an ideal organism to study the effects of genetic mutations because of several reasons. What is one of these?

The 3 ′ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs are changed by:

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Which of the following numbered events represents the correct sequence of events of prokaryotic translation initiation? 1) large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex 2) initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit 3) initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA

Garrod first proposed that:

The template DNA strand is described as being parallel to the complementary RNA strand. __________________

Figure 13-2 In the accompanying figure, the portion of the molecule containing the anticodon is indicated by the label:

Molecular chaperones assist in the folding of newly synthesized mRNAs . __________________

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

A(n) transposon is a DNA sequence that "jumps" into the middle of a gene. __________________

The molecule that connects a growing polypeptide chain and mRNA is called:

A sequence of bases located upstream from a reference point occurs towards the:

Signal-recognition particle RNA is involved in directing the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex to the rough ER . __________________

A ____ mutation results in the conversion of a codon specifying an amino acid to a termination codon.

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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