Question 1

What evolutionary role is served by the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The redundancy of

Question 2

In the Beadle and Tatum study, it was important that Neurospora was haploid because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easier to grow haploid molds in the laboratory. 
B)  haploid molds have simpler nutritional requirements than do diploid molds. 
C)  a mutation that arises is not masked by a normal allele on a homologous chromosome. 
D)  haploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
E)  diploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
A)  it is easier to grow haploid molds in the laboratory. 
B)  haploid molds have simpler nutritional requirements than do diploid molds. 
C)  a mutation that arises is not masked by a normal allele on a homologous chromosome. 
D)  haploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
E)  diploid Neurospora will always mutate.

Question 3

Figure 13-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label indicates the location of the promoter region?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 4

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of ____ genes are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only eukaryotic; introns 
B)  eukaryotic and prokaryotic; introns 
C)  only prokaryotic; introns 
D)  only eukaryotic; exons 
E)  only prokaryotic; exons 
A)  only eukaryotic; introns 
B)  eukaryotic and prokaryotic; introns 
C)  only prokaryotic; introns 
D)  only eukaryotic; exons 
E)  only prokaryotic; exons

Question 5

Beadle and Tatum began their studies with wild-type Neurospora. How is this organism best characterized?

Accepted Answer

A)  A strain that only grows in the wild 
B)  A mutant strain that will only grow in the lab on complete medium 
C)  A strain that will not grow in the lab 
D)  A virulent strain 
E)  A normal phenotype that will grow on minimal medium 
A)  A strain that only grows in the wild 
B)  A mutant strain that will only grow in the lab on complete medium 
C)  A strain that will not grow in the lab 
D)  A virulent strain 
E)  A normal phenotype that will grow on minimal medium

Question 6

Leader sequences contain signals that:

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned for translation of mRNA molecules. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA. 
A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned for translation of mRNA molecules. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA.

Question 7

The 3' trailing sequences are located upstream of the stop codon. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Accepted Answer

A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain. 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome. 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome. 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome. 
A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain. 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome. 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome. 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome.

Question 10

Figure 13-2   Refer to the accompanying figure. The portion of the molecule labeled as 5 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the attached amino acid. 
B)  a double-stranded DNA region. 
C)  a single-stranded DNA region. 
D)  the anticodon. 
E)  the codon. 
A)  the attached amino acid. 
B)  a double-stranded DNA region. 
C)  a single-stranded DNA region. 
D)  the anticodon. 
E)  the codon.

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: growth of the polypeptide chain
the first stage of translation
triggered by a stop codon
protein synthesis proceeding in a 5' to 3' direction
assembly of the ribosome
completed polypeptide chain released from ribosome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of elongation and initiation and termination is...

Question 12

Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this accomplished in eukaryotes? What processes tend to degrade mRNA molecules in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and why are these processes needed?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Eukaryotic mRNA is

Question 13

If an mRNA transcript of the human XYZ gene was introduced into a yeast cell, the transcript would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a yeast-specific gene. 
C)  translated into the human XYZ protein. 
D)  exported outside the cell. 
E)  transcribed into the XYZ mRNA. 
A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a yeast-specific gene. 
C)  translated into the human XYZ protein. 
D)  exported outside the cell. 
E)  transcribed into the XYZ mRNA.

Question 14

How is the four-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the twenty-word language of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in two-letter combinations that define different amino acids. 
B)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in three-letter sequences that define different amino acids. 
C)  Triplets of the two-letter nucleic acid bases are translated into the twenty different amino acids. 
D)  The four bases each specify one amino acid, which in combination give rise to the remaining sixteen amino acids. 
E)  The four bases are first converted into tRNA molecules, which can each attach to five amino acids. 
A)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in two-letter combinations that define different amino acids. 
B)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in three-letter sequences that define different amino acids. 
C)  Triplets of the two-letter nucleic acid bases are translated into the twenty different amino acids. 
D)  The four bases each specify one amino acid, which in combination give rise to the remaining sixteen amino acids. 
E)  The four bases are first converted into tRNA molecules, which can each attach to five amino acids.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: small double-stranded RNA molecules; regulates gene expression
large RNA molecules; regulates chromatin structure
small RNA molecules; inhibits mobile DNA element activity in germ cells
small RNA molecules; inhibit translation
helps to deliver the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex to the rough ER
responsible for pre-rRNA molecule processing in the nucleolus

Accepted Answer

The Answer of SRP RNA and miRNA and snoRNA and is...

Question 16

snRNPs function to splice introns together. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A polyribosome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a complex composed of several ribosomes and plus an mRNA transcript. 
B)  a complex componsed of several ribosomes in eukaryotes. 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes. 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes. 
E)  one ribosome complexed to several mRNAs. 
A)  a complex composed of several ribosomes and plus an mRNA transcript. 
B)  a complex componsed of several ribosomes in eukaryotes. 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes. 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes. 
E)  one ribosome complexed to several mRNAs.

Question 18

Draw a general overview of the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryote vs. prokarytotes. You should construct one drawing for eukaryotes and one for prokaryotes. Label all structures, molecules, processes, and cellular compartments.

Accepted Answer

The flow d

Question 19

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence in RNA . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Discuss which type of DNA mutation in the coding region of an essential human gene (for example, insulin) would be the most harmful to a phenotype. Consider missense, nonsense, frameshifts, and transposons.

Accepted Answer

Answers can vary, but missense mutations

Exam 13: Gene Expression

What evolutionary role is served by the redundancy of the genetic code?

In the Beadle and Tatum study, it was important that Neurospora was haploid because:

Figure 13-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label indicates the location of the promoter region?

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of ____ genes are called ____.

Beadle and Tatum began their studies with wild-type Neurospora. How is this organism best characterized?

Leader sequences contain signals that:

The 3' trailing sequences are located upstream of the stop codon. __________________

Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template. __________________

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Figure 13-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The portion of the molecule labeled as 5 is:

Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this accomplished in eukaryotes? What processes tend to degrade mRNA molecules in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and why are these processes needed?

If an mRNA transcript of the human XYZ gene was introduced into a yeast cell, the transcript would be:

How is the four-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the twenty-word language of amino acids?

snRNPs function to splice introns together. __________________

A polyribosome is:

Draw a general overview of the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryote vs. prokarytotes. You should construct one drawing for eukaryotes and one for prokaryotes. Label all structures, molecules, processes, and cellular compartments.

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence in RNA . __________________

Discuss which type of DNA mutation in the coding region of an essential human gene (for example, insulin) would be the most harmful to a phenotype. Consider missense, nonsense, frameshifts, and transposons.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of genes are called .