Question 1

When an enzyme linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Scaffold proteins ensure that signals are relayed ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly 
B)  efficiently 
C)  inaccurately 
D)  methodically 
E)  simultaneously 
A)  slowly 
B)  efficiently 
C)  inaccurately 
D)  methodically 
E)  simultaneously B

Question 3

In the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activate protein kinase C. 
B)  Activate phospholipase C. 
C)  Phosphorylate a protein. 
D)  Bind calcium channels in the ER. 
E)  Activate adenylyl cyclase. 
A)  Activate protein kinase C. 
B)  Activate phospholipase C. 
C)  Phosphorylate a protein. 
D)  Bind calcium channels in the ER. 
E)  Activate adenylyl cyclase. D

Question 4

Which is a major group of enzyme-linked receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  G proteins 
B)  ion channels 
C)  tyrosine kinases 
D)  phospholipases 
E)  adenylyl cyclases 
A)  G proteins 
B)  ion channels 
C)  tyrosine kinases 
D)  phospholipases 
E)  adenylyl cyclases

Question 5

Which MAP kinase was found to be a signaling molecule for oocyte maturation in mice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mek and Raf 
B)  Ras 1 and ERK 2 
C)  Raf 1 and Raf 2 
D)  Mek and ERK2 
E)  ERK 1 and ERK 2 
A)  Mek and Raf 
B)  Ras 1 and ERK 2 
C)  Raf 1 and Raf 2 
D)  Mek and ERK2 
E)  ERK 1 and ERK 2

Question 6

What is meant by signal amplification? Provide two examples.

Accepted Answer

Signal amplification occurs when a signa

Question 7

When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein linked receptor, the ligand-receptor complex associates with GDP protein and causes GDP to be replaced by GTP. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Choanoflagellates have been important for the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinases similar to those in animals. 
B)  G proteins different from those in prokaryotes. 
C)  signaling molecules similar to those of other protists. 
D)  signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria. 
E)  signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect. 
A)  protein kinases similar to those in animals. 
B)  G proteins different from those in prokaryotes. 
C)  signaling molecules similar to those of other protists. 
D)  signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria. 
E)  signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect.

Question 10

What is the difference between a first messenger and a second messenger? Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The first messenger binds the initial re

Question 11

Which local regulator is stored in cells of the immune system and released during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  histamine 
B)  nitric oxide 
C)  a growth factor 
D)  a prostaglandin 
E)  a neurotransmitter 
A)  histamine 
B)  nitric oxide 
C)  a growth factor 
D)  a prostaglandin 
E)  a neurotransmitter

Question 12

What activates protein kinase C?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 
B)  DAG 
C)  cAMP 
D)  PIP2 
E)  calcium ions 
A)  IP3 
B)  DAG 
C)  cAMP 
D)  PIP2 
E)  calcium ions

Question 13

What is calmodulin, and what role does it play in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Calmodium is an important Ca+2 binding p

Question 14

The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP deactivates the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  G protein 
C)  Ras protein 
D)  ligand-gated channel 
E)  protein kinase pathway 
A)  cAMP 
B)  G protein 
C)  Ras protein 
D)  ligand-gated channel 
E)  protein kinase pathway

Question 15

How are brassinosteroids different from animal steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  BRs regulate only cell division. 
B)  BRs are enzyme-linked receptors. 
C)  BRs bind with intracellular receptors. 
D)  BRs have a histidine kinase that extends into the cell. 
E)  BRs bind with a protein kinase receptor in the plasma membrane. 
A)  BRs regulate only cell division. 
B)  BRs are enzyme-linked receptors. 
C)  BRs bind with intracellular receptors. 
D)  BRs have a histidine kinase that extends into the cell. 
E)  BRs bind with a protein kinase receptor in the plasma membrane.

Question 16

Phosphodiesterase catalyzes the conversion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 to PIP2. 
B)  GDP to GTP. 
C)  cAMP to AMP. 
D)  calcium to calcium-calmodulin. 
E)  a protein to a phosphorylated protein. 
A)  IP3 to PIP2. 
B)  GDP to GTP. 
C)  cAMP to AMP. 
D)  calcium to calcium-calmodulin. 
E)  a protein to a phosphorylated protein.

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: DAG is the second messenger.
Phosphate comes from ATP.
Sodium ions enter the cell.
Protein kinase sites are active.
GDP is replaced with GTP.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of G protein linked receptor and Enzyme linked is...

Question 18

What type of protein can transduce a signal in two directions?

Accepted Answer

A)  integrins 
B)  G proteins 
C)  Ras proteins 
D)  scaffold proteins 
E)  phosphorylated proteins 
A)  integrins 
B)  G proteins 
C)  Ras proteins 
D)  scaffold proteins 
E)  phosphorylated proteins

Question 19

Typically, the gate of an ion channel remains closed until a(n) ____ binds to the receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand 
B)  enzyme 
C)  G protein 
D)  target cell 
E)  first messenger 
A)  ligand 
B)  enzyme 
C)  G protein 
D)  target cell 
E)  first messenger

Question 20

Which list describes the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

A)  signal transduction, reception, signal transmission, response 
B)  response, signal transduction, signal transmission, reception 
C)  signal transmission, signal transduction, reception, response 
D)  reception, signal transmission, response, signal transduction 
E)  signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, response 
A)  signal transduction, reception, signal transmission, response 
B)  response, signal transduction, signal transmission, reception 
C)  signal transmission, signal transduction, reception, response 
D)  reception, signal transmission, response, signal transduction 
E)  signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, response

Exam 6: Cell Communication

When an enzyme linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases. __________________

Scaffold proteins ensure that signals are relayed ____.

In the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?

Which is a major group of enzyme-linked receptors?

Which MAP kinase was found to be a signaling molecule for oocyte maturation in mice?

What is meant by signal amplification? Provide two examples.

When food is abundant , the cellular slime mold secretes cAMP into the environment to signal the formation of a multicellular slug-shaped colony. __________________

When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein linked receptor, the ligand-receptor complex associates with GDP protein and causes GDP to be replaced by GTP. __________________

Choanoflagellates have been important for the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have:

What is the difference between a first messenger and a second messenger? Give an example of each.

Which local regulator is stored in cells of the immune system and released during an allergic reaction?

What activates protein kinase C?

What is calmodulin, and what role does it play in signal transduction?

The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP deactivates the ____.

How are brassinosteroids different from animal steroid hormones?

Phosphodiesterase catalyzes the conversion of:

What type of protein can transduce a signal in two directions?

Typically, the gate of an ion channel remains closed until a(n) ____ binds to the receptor.

Which list describes the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

In the IP₃ pathway, what is the function of IP₃?