Question 1

Figure 46-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
B)  CO2 will diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues. 
C)  O2 will diffuse from the capillaries in the tissues to the capillaries in the lung. 
D)  O2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
E)  O2 will diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries. 
A)  CO2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
B)  CO2 will diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues. 
C)  O2 will diffuse from the capillaries in the tissues to the capillaries in the lung. 
D)  O2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
E)  O2 will diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries. D

Question 2

Oxygen concentration generally plays an important role in regulating respiration:

Accepted Answer

A)  all the time. 
B)  never. 
C)  only when the carbon dioxide concentration falls markedly. 
D)  only when the oxygen concentration falls markedly. 
E)  only when the pH falls markedly. 
A)  all the time. 
B)  never. 
C)  only when the carbon dioxide concentration falls markedly. 
D)  only when the oxygen concentration falls markedly. 
E)  only when the pH falls markedly. D

Question 3

The most common respiratory pigments in animals are:

Accepted Answer

A)  myoglobin and hemocyanin. 
B)  myoglobin and hemoglobin. 
C)  hemocyanin and hemoglobin. 
D)  mucus and hemoglobin. 
E)  pulmonary surfactant and myoglobin. 
A)  myoglobin and hemocyanin. 
B)  myoglobin and hemoglobin. 
C)  hemocyanin and hemoglobin. 
D)  mucus and hemoglobin. 
E)  pulmonary surfactant and myoglobin. B

Question 4

Which statement about the regulation of respiration is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory centers in the medulla control the transition from inspiration to expiration. 
B)  Carbon dioxide concentration is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating respiratory rate. 
C)  Chemoreceptors in the walls of various arteries are sensitive to carbon dioxide levels in the blood. 
D)  A group of neurons in the ventral medulla only become active when we need to breathe forcefully. 
E)  Chemoreceptors may be sensitive to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen ion concentration. 
A)  Respiratory centers in the medulla control the transition from inspiration to expiration. 
B)  Carbon dioxide concentration is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating respiratory rate. 
C)  Chemoreceptors in the walls of various arteries are sensitive to carbon dioxide levels in the blood. 
D)  A group of neurons in the ventral medulla only become active when we need to breathe forcefully. 
E)  Chemoreceptors may be sensitive to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 5

During swallowing, ____ closes off the ____ so food cannot enter the lower airway.

Accepted Answer

A)  the pleural membrane; trachea 
B)  cartilage; larynx 
C)  the pharynx; esophagus 
D)  the Adam's apple; trachea 
E)  the epiglottis; larynx 
A)  the pleural membrane; trachea 
B)  cartilage; larynx 
C)  the pharynx; esophagus 
D)  the Adam's apple; trachea 
E)  the epiglottis; larynx

Question 6

The parabronchi of birds are open at both ends .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify a respiratory pigment, and then describe its structure and how this relates to its function.

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin, hemocyanin and myoglobin are

Question 8

In humans, the oxygen concentration of the blood is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating the rate of respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

As part of the diving reflex of seals, the heart rate increases .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: sea stars, some salamanders, crustaceans
may be internal or external; supported by buoyancy of water
centipedes, mites, some spiders
gas exchanges across the entire animal
gas exchange through a vascular region of the mantle
air enters through spiracles
cats, slugs, frogs
nudibranch mollusks, earthworms, some amphibians

Accepted Answer

The Answer of gills and body surface and tracheal tubes is...

Question 11

A respiratory system is needed if an organism is too ____ to rely on the diffusion of gases through the body's tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  long 
C)  thick 
D)  thin 
E)  round 
A)  small 
B)  long 
C)  thick 
D)  thin 
E)  round

Question 12

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  tidal capacity. 
D)  residual capacity. 
E)  residual volume. 
A)  vital capacity. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  tidal capacity. 
D)  residual capacity. 
E)  residual volume.

Question 13

What will happen if a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is added to blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of CO2 in the blood will increase. 
B)  The level of CO2 in the blood will decrease. 
C)  The level of CO2 in the blood will remain the same. 
D)  The pH of the blood will remain the same. 
E)  The pH of the blood will decrease. 
A)  The level of CO2 in the blood will increase. 
B)  The level of CO2 in the blood will decrease. 
C)  The level of CO2 in the blood will remain the same. 
D)  The pH of the blood will remain the same. 
E)  The pH of the blood will decrease.

Question 14

The smallest branches of the respiratory tree are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx. 
B)  tracheae. 
C)  bronchial tubes. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  bronchi. 
A)  pharynx. 
B)  tracheae. 
C)  bronchial tubes. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  bronchi.

Question 15

Which of the following areas of the respiratory tract is lined with a single layer of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  nasal cavity 
B)  larynx 
C)  trachea 
D)  bronchi 
E)  alveoli 
A)  nasal cavity 
B)  larynx 
C)  trachea 
D)  bronchi 
E)  alveoli

Question 16

Why is it more difficult to obtain sufficient oxygen at higher altitudes?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Barometric pressur

Question 17

Figure 46-2   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would have the greatest surface area?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  All have equal surface area. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  All have equal surface area.

Question 18

Fish can control buoyancy by:

Accepted Answer

A)  holding air in their lungs. 
B)  expelling air from their lungs. 
C)  facilitating swift operculum movement. 
D)  adjusting the amount of gas in their swim bladders. 
E)  inflating the chambers of their tracheae. 
A)  holding air in their lungs. 
B)  expelling air from their lungs. 
C)  facilitating swift operculum movement. 
D)  adjusting the amount of gas in their swim bladders. 
E)  inflating the chambers of their tracheae.

Question 19

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of the individual gases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  removes oxygen from the erythrocyte. 
B)  carries carbon dioxide in the erythrocyte. 
C)  converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. 
D)  increases the pH of the blood. 
E)  increases the permeability of the capillary to carbon dioxide. 
A)  removes oxygen from the erythrocyte. 
B)  carries carbon dioxide in the erythrocyte. 
C)  converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. 
D)  increases the pH of the blood. 
E)  increases the permeability of the capillary to carbon dioxide.

Exam 46: Gas Exchange

Figure 46-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement is accurate?

Oxygen concentration generally plays an important role in regulating respiration:

The most common respiratory pigments in animals are:

Which statement about the regulation of respiration is FALSE?

During swallowing, ____ closes off the ____ so food cannot enter the lower airway.

The parabronchi of birds are open at both ends .

Identify a respiratory pigment, and then describe its structure and how this relates to its function.

In humans, the oxygen concentration of the blood is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating the rate of respiration.

As part of the diving reflex of seals, the heart rate increases .

A respiratory system is needed if an organism is too ____ to rely on the diffusion of gases through the body's tissues.

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration is the:

What will happen if a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is added to blood?

The smallest branches of the respiratory tree are the:

Which of the following areas of the respiratory tract is lined with a single layer of epithelial cells?

Why is it more difficult to obtain sufficient oxygen at higher altitudes?

Figure 46-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would have the greatest surface area?

Fish can control buoyancy by:

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of the individual gases.

Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

During swallowing, closes off the so food cannot enter the lower airway.