Question 1

The voice box is also referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  larynx. 
B)  nasal cavity. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  trachea. 
A)  larynx. 
B)  nasal cavity. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  trachea.

Question 2

Figure 46-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which two figures in the accompanying illustration represent inhalation steps of the respiratory cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  3 and 4 
A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  3 and 4

Question 3

During inhalation, the diaphragm moves upward .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Both aquatic and terrestrial organisms must have ____ across which gas exchange can take place.

Accepted Answer

A)  a respiratory system 
B)  tracheal tubes 
C)  gills and lungs 
D)  stratified squamous epithelial tissue 
E)  a moist surface 
A)  a respiratory system 
B)  tracheal tubes 
C)  gills and lungs 
D)  stratified squamous epithelial tissue 
E)  a moist surface

Question 5

In fish, blood flows in a direction opposite to the flow of water over the gills in a process known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  concurrent exchange. 
B)  countercurrent exchange. 
C)  crosscurrent exchange. 
D)  exhalation. 
E)  diffusion. 
A)  concurrent exchange. 
B)  countercurrent exchange. 
C)  crosscurrent exchange. 
D)  exhalation. 
E)  diffusion.

Question 6

Figure 46-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures receiving air in figure 1 are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior air sacs. 
B)  parabronchi. 
C)  spiracles. 
D)  alveoli. 
E)  tracheae. 
A)  anterior air sacs. 
B)  parabronchi. 
C)  spiracles. 
D)  alveoli. 
E)  tracheae.

Question 7

What happens at higher altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of oxygen decreases. 
B)  The concentration of carbon dioxide increases. 
C)  The partial pressure of oxygen decreases. 
D)  The partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. 
E)  There is no change in the concentration or partial pressures of atmospheric gases. 
A)  The concentration of oxygen decreases. 
B)  The concentration of carbon dioxide increases. 
C)  The partial pressure of oxygen decreases. 
D)  The partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. 
E)  There is no change in the concentration or partial pressures of atmospheric gases.

Question 8

Which of the following is typically used to measure the functional capacity of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  tidal capacity 
D)  residual capacity 
E)  residual volume 
A)  vital capacity 
B)  tidal volume 
C)  tidal capacity 
D)  residual capacity 
E)  residual volume

Question 9

During respiratory exchange, carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a permease, which removes carbon dioxide from the capillaries. 
B)  potassium cotransport. 
C)  diffusion down a concentration gradient. 
D)  the air pressure of dissolved oxygen, which forces it out. 
E)  the contraction of the diaphragm, which creates a vacuum that pulls it out. 
A)  the presence of a permease, which removes carbon dioxide from the capillaries. 
B)  potassium cotransport. 
C)  diffusion down a concentration gradient. 
D)  the air pressure of dissolved oxygen, which forces it out. 
E)  the contraction of the diaphragm, which creates a vacuum that pulls it out.

Question 10

During forced inhalation, the ____ intercostal muscles contract, moving ____ upward.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal; the diaphragm 
B)  internal; the ribs 
C)  external; the diaphragm 
D)  external; the ribs 
E)  external; both the diaphragm and the ribs 
A)  internal; the diaphragm 
B)  internal; the ribs 
C)  external; the diaphragm 
D)  external; the ribs 
E)  external; both the diaphragm and the ribs

Question 11

Figure 46-2   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would be best for an animal that is fairly active?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  Any of these. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  Any of these.

Question 12

Asian pearl divers hyperventilate in order to reduce the ____ concentration in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  hydrogen ion 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  chloride ion 
E)  hemoglobin 
A)  oxygen 
B)  hydrogen ion 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  chloride ion 
E)  hemoglobin

Question 13

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported:

Accepted Answer

A)  by being dissolved in plasma. 
B)  as bicarbonate ions. 
C)  by hemoglobin. 
D)  as carbonic anhydrase. 
E)  as carbonic acid. 
A)  by being dissolved in plasma. 
B)  as bicarbonate ions. 
C)  by hemoglobin. 
D)  as carbonic anhydrase. 
E)  as carbonic acid.

Question 14

Arrange the structures through which air passes upon entering the body in the proper sequence.
1) alveoli
2) bronchi
3) larynx
4) bronchioles
5) pharynx
6) trachea

Accepted Answer

A)  5 → 3 → 6 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B)  3 → 5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 
C)  2 → 4 → 3 → 5 → 6 → 1 
D)  3 → 6 → 5 → 2 → 4 → 1 
E)  5 → 6 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
A)  5 → 3 → 6 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B)  3 → 5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 
C)  2 → 4 → 3 → 5 → 6 → 1 
D)  3 → 6 → 5 → 2 → 4 → 1 
E)  5 → 6 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1

Question 15

In the chloride shift, ____ move into RBCs to replace the ____ that move out.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen molecules; chloride ions 
B)  carbon dioxide molecules; chloride ions 
C)  bicarbonate ions; chloride ions 
D)  chloride ions; oxygen molecules 
E)  chloride ions; bicarbonate ions 
A)  oxygen molecules; chloride ions 
B)  carbon dioxide molecules; chloride ions 
C)  bicarbonate ions; chloride ions 
D)  chloride ions; oxygen molecules 
E)  chloride ions; bicarbonate ions

Question 16

You have a significant reduction in the amount of pulmonary surfactant. What is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The risk of bacterial infection will increase. 
B)  The risk of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will increase. 
C)  The bronchioles will constrict, which will increase airway resistance. 
D)  The lungs will be difficult to inflate. 
E)  Gas exchange cannot occur. 
A)  The risk of bacterial infection will increase. 
B)  The risk of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will increase. 
C)  The bronchioles will constrict, which will increase airway resistance. 
D)  The lungs will be difficult to inflate. 
E)  Gas exchange cannot occur.

Question 17

During exhalation, air moves from the bronchi directly into the alveoli .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Parabronchi are characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  insects. 
B)  spiders. 
C)  mollusks. 
D)  birds. 
E)  mammals. 
A)  insects. 
B)  spiders. 
C)  mollusks. 
D)  birds. 
E)  mammals.

Question 19

Which of the following best defines the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of a gas that diffuses across a membrane depends on the differences in the gas' partial pressure. 
B)  The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  In a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases. 
D)  pH causes a displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. 
E)  As the concentration of chloride ions increases, the ability of hemoglobin to bind carbon dioxide decreases. 
A)  The amount of a gas that diffuses across a membrane depends on the differences in the gas' partial pressure. 
B)  The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  In a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases. 
D)  pH causes a displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. 
E)  As the concentration of chloride ions increases, the ability of hemoglobin to bind carbon dioxide decreases.

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: averages 500mL
averages 1200mL
maximum amount of air that can be exhaled
averages 4500mL
amount of air moved into and out of lungs with each normal breath
volume of air remaining in lungs at end of maximal expiration

Accepted Answer

The Answer of tidal volume and vital capacity and residual is...

Exam 46: Gas Exchange

The voice box is also referred to as the:

Figure 46-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which two figures in the accompanying illustration represent inhalation steps of the respiratory cycle?

During inhalation, the diaphragm moves upward .

Both aquatic and terrestrial organisms must have ____ across which gas exchange can take place.

In fish, blood flows in a direction opposite to the flow of water over the gills in a process known as:

Figure 46-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures receiving air in figure 1 are known as:

What happens at higher altitudes?

Which of the following is typically used to measure the functional capacity of the lungs?

During respiratory exchange, carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli due to:

During forced inhalation, the ____ intercostal muscles contract, moving ____ upward.

Figure 46-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would be best for an animal that is fairly active?

Asian pearl divers hyperventilate in order to reduce the ____ concentration in the blood.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported:

Arrange the structures through which air passes upon entering the body in the proper sequence. 1) alveoli 2) bronchi 3) larynx 4) bronchioles 5) pharynx 6) trachea

In the chloride shift, ____ move into RBCs to replace the ____ that move out.

You have a significant reduction in the amount of pulmonary surfactant. What is the likely effect?

During exhalation, air moves from the bronchi directly into the alveoli .

Parabronchi are characteristic of:

Which of the following best defines the Bohr effect?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

During forced inhalation, the intercostal muscles contract, moving upward.

In the chloride shift, move into RBCs to replace the that move out.