Question 1

What type of protein accelerates the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme 
B)  amino acid 
C)  transport protein 
D)  regulatory protein 
E)  protective protein 
A)  enzyme 
B)  amino acid 
C)  transport protein 
D)  regulatory protein 
E)  protective protein A

Question 2

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  uricil 
B)  steroid 
C)  guanine 
D)  cytosine 
E)  thymine 
A)  uricil 
B)  steroid 
C)  guanine 
D)  cytosine 
E)  thymine C

Question 3

Carotenoids are composed of isoprene subunits. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Condensation and hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by the same enzymes.. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which functional group forms bridges to help stabilize a protein's quaternary structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  phosphate 
E)  sulfhydryl 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  phosphate 
E)  sulfhydryl

Question 6

How many carbon sugars are there in a pentose sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  five 
D)  six 
E)  eight 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  five 
D)  six 
E)  eight

Question 7

Glucose and fructose are ____ because they have identical molecular formulas but their atoms are arranged differently.

Accepted Answer

A)  polar 
B)  tertiary 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  structural isomers 
E)  geometric isomers 
A)  polar 
B)  tertiary 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  structural isomers 
E)  geometric isomers

Question 8

Figure 3-1   The products of the process in the accompanying figure are:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  molecules of glycerol. 
E)  representative of a glycoside linkage. 
A)  enzymes. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  molecules of glycerol. 
E)  representative of a glycoside linkage.

Question 9

What carbohydrate energy storage molecule is found in animal liver and muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  cellulose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  a fatty acid 
E)  cholesterol 
A)  starch 
B)  cellulose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  a fatty acid 
E)  cholesterol

Question 10

An amino group is weakly basic and includes a(n) ____ atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur 
B)  carbon 
C)  oxygen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate 
A)  sulfur 
B)  carbon 
C)  oxygen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate

Question 11

Assume that the shaded portions of the molecule in the accompanying figure each represent different polypeptide chains. What does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  a carotenoid 
C)  an amino acid 
D)  a steroid hormone 
E)  the quaternary structure of a protein 
A)  cellulose 
B)  a carotenoid 
C)  an amino acid 
D)  a steroid hormone 
E)  the quaternary structure of a protein

Question 12

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein − ester linkage 
B)  steroid − peptide bond 
C)  polysaccharide − peptide bond 
D)  triacylglycerol − glycosidic linkage 
E)  nucleic acid − phosphodiester linkage 
A)  protein − ester linkage 
B)  steroid − peptide bond 
C)  polysaccharide − peptide bond 
D)  triacylglycerol − glycosidic linkage 
E)  nucleic acid − phosphodiester linkage

Question 13

Chitin is a polymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine monomers. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A(n) essential amino acid is one that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient amounts. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon 2 and 3 in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  one and a half 
C)  two 
D)  three 
E)  four 
A)  one 
B)  one and a half 
C)  two 
D)  three 
E)  four

Question 16

Why is ATP important in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easily converted to starch for long-term storage. 
B)  It can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals. 
C)  It is an important structural component of cell membranes. 
D)  Like all other nucleic acids, it stores hereditary information. 
E)  Like RNA, it acts as a source code for the formation of proteins. 
A)  It is easily converted to starch for long-term storage. 
B)  It can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals. 
C)  It is an important structural component of cell membranes. 
D)  Like all other nucleic acids, it stores hereditary information. 
E)  Like RNA, it acts as a source code for the formation of proteins.

Question 17

Which is an example of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribose 
B)  glucose 
C)  maltose 
D)  fructose 
E)  tricylglycerol 
A)  ribose 
B)  glucose 
C)  maltose 
D)  fructose 
E)  tricylglycerol

Question 18

Compare and contrast the structure, physical characteristics, and biological functions of two of the following: fats, steroids, and phospholipids.

Accepted Answer

In general, all three molecules consist

Question 19

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, what statement best describes this compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is RNA. 
B)  It is DNA. 
C)  It is cylic AMP. 
D)  It is a polypeptide. 
E)  It is an inorganic compound. 
A)  It is RNA. 
B)  It is DNA. 
C)  It is cylic AMP. 
D)  It is a polypeptide. 
E)  It is an inorganic compound.

Question 20

Which description illustrates the tertiary structure of a protein molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  bonding of two amino acids to form a dipeptide 
B)  folding of a peptide chain to form an alpha helix 
C)  association of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds 
D)  order in which amino acids are joined in a peptide chain 
E)  three-dimensional shape of an individual polypeptide chain 
A)  bonding of two amino acids to form a dipeptide 
B)  folding of a peptide chain to form an alpha helix 
C)  association of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds 
D)  order in which amino acids are joined in a peptide chain 
E)  three-dimensional shape of an individual polypeptide chain

Exam 3: The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

What type of protein accelerates the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism?

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleotides?

Carotenoids are composed of isoprene subunits. __________________

Condensation and hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by the same enzymes.. __________________

Which functional group forms bridges to help stabilize a protein's quaternary structure?

How many carbon sugars are there in a pentose sugar?

Glucose and fructose are ____ because they have identical molecular formulas but their atoms are arranged differently.

Figure 3-1 The products of the process in the accompanying figure are:

What carbohydrate energy storage molecule is found in animal liver and muscle cells?

An amino group is weakly basic and includes a(n) ____ atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

Assume that the shaded portions of the molecule in the accompanying figure each represent different polypeptide chains. What does this represent?

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

Chitin is a polymer composed of N-acetyl glucosamine monomers. __________________

A(n) essential amino acid is one that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient amounts. __________________

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon 2 and 3 in the accompanying figure?

Why is ATP important in living organisms?

Which is an example of a disaccharide?

Compare and contrast the structure, physical characteristics, and biological functions of two of the following: fats, steroids, and phospholipids.

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose groups, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, what statement best describes this compound?

Which description illustrates the tertiary structure of a protein molecule?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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