Question 1

Figure 3-3   The molecular fragment (the G, U and A's) represented in the accompanying figure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  a nucleotide. 
E)  a polysaccharide. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  a nucleotide. 
E)  a polysaccharide.

Question 2

What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?

Accepted Answer

A)  To transfer an amino acid 
B)  To attach a carboxyl group 
C)  To straighten other molecular proteins 
D)  To strengthen the tertiary structure of a protein 
E)  To assist the folding of other molecular proteins 
A)  To transfer an amino acid 
B)  To attach a carboxyl group 
C)  To straighten other molecular proteins 
D)  To strengthen the tertiary structure of a protein 
E)  To assist the folding of other molecular proteins

Question 3

Molecular chaperones mediate the folding of other protein molecules. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If tyrosine and isoleucine undergo condensation, where does the new bond form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between carbon of the R group and the nitrogen of the amino group 
B)  Between oxygen of the R group and the hydrogen of the amino group 
C)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the R group 
D)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the amino group 
E)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amino group 
A)  Between carbon of the R group and the nitrogen of the amino group 
B)  Between oxygen of the R group and the hydrogen of the amino group 
C)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the R group 
D)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the hydrogen of the amino group 
E)  Between carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amino group

Question 5

Unlike lipids, hydrophilic functional groups typically contain ____ atoms, which make them more soluble in water.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate 
A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate

Question 6

A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by a(n) glycosidic linkage . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: contains purines and pyrimidines
cellulose
cholesterol
monomers are joined by a glycosidic linkage
most are nonpolar
a beta-pleated sheet is one typical structure
consist of monomers having 20 different types
may contain thymine

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protein and lipid and nucleic acid and is...

Question 8

Why are hydrocarbons considered hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrocarbons exist as isomers. 
B)  Hydrocarbons contain oxygen atoms. 
C)  The covalent bonds between carbon atoms are polar. 
D)  The covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
A)  Hydrocarbons exist as isomers. 
B)  Hydrocarbons contain oxygen atoms. 
C)  The covalent bonds between carbon atoms are polar. 
D)  The covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

Question 9

What substance is removed during a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  a dimer 
C)  a polymer 
D)  a hydrocarbon 
E)  a carboxyl group 
A)  water 
B)  a dimer 
C)  a polymer 
D)  a hydrocarbon 
E)  a carboxyl group

Question 10

Amyloplasts are organelles that store:

Accepted Answer

A)  fat. 
B)  starch. 
C)  protein. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  DNA. 
A)  fat. 
B)  starch. 
C)  protein. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  DNA.

Question 11

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

Accepted Answer

A)  R or variable groups. 
B)  number of potassium groups. 
C)  number of phosphate groups. 
D)  number of carbonyl groups. 
E)  number of asymmetric carbons. 
A)  R or variable groups. 
B)  number of potassium groups. 
C)  number of phosphate groups. 
D)  number of carbonyl groups. 
E)  number of asymmetric carbons.

Question 12

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by the replacement of one amino acid in the hemoglobin molecule. This replacement changes the shape and function of the hemoglobin protein in dramatic ways, which can sometimes be lethal. How can the substitution of one amino acid lead to such drastic results?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Amino ac

Question 13

Since a carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, it can complete its valence shell by forming a total of 4 hydrogen bonds. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  polymer 
B)  monomer 
C)  phospholipid 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  monosaccharide 
A)  polymer 
B)  monomer 
C)  phospholipid 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  monosaccharide

Question 15

What does the term "functional group" mean in reference to the structure of organic molecules? Identify two types of functional groups and describe their chemical properties.

Accepted Answer

A functional group is a group of atoms t

Question 16

Why is carbon ideally suited to be the "backbone" in molecules produced by living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Ability of carbon

Question 17

A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  the maximum number of double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. 
B)  the maximum number of triple bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. 
C)  the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains. 
D)  fatty acid chains with both amino and carboxyl groups. 
E)  alternating single and double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. 
A)  the maximum number of double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. 
B)  the maximum number of triple bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains. 
C)  the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains. 
D)  fatty acid chains with both amino and carboxyl groups. 
E)  alternating single and double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chains.

Question 18

A phosphate group is weakly acidic . 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What organic molecules is the primary structural component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  disaccharides 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  adenine triphosphate 
A)  cellulose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  disaccharides 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  adenine triphosphate

Question 20

Identify the levels of organization for protein molecules, and list the type(s) of bond(s) involved in establishing each structural level.

Accepted Answer

Primary structure: peptide bonds 
Second

Exam 3: The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Figure 3-3 The molecular fragment (the G, U and A's) represented in the accompanying figure is:

What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?

Molecular chaperones mediate the folding of other protein molecules. __________________

If tyrosine and isoleucine undergo condensation, where does the new bond form?

Unlike lipids, hydrophilic functional groups typically contain ____ atoms, which make them more soluble in water.

A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides joined by a(n) glycosidic linkage . __________________

Why are hydrocarbons considered hydrophobic?

What substance is removed during a condensation reaction?

Amyloplasts are organelles that store:

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

Since a carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, it can complete its valence shell by forming a total of 4 hydrogen bonds. __________________

Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?

What does the term "functional group" mean in reference to the structure of organic molecules? Identify two types of functional groups and describe their chemical properties.

Why is carbon ideally suited to be the "backbone" in molecules produced by living organisms?

A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains:

A phosphate group is weakly acidic . __________________

What organic molecules is the primary structural component of cell membranes?

Identify the levels of organization for protein molecules, and list the type(s) of bond(s) involved in establishing each structural level.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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