Question 1

An EPSP is an example of a(n) graded potential. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Figure 41-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure is specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons and to send signals to the cell body?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  9 A

Question 3

Arrange the events of a second messenger system in the correct order.
1) Protein kinase is activated.
2) G protein is activated.
3) The neurotransmitter binds to its receptor.
4) The protein closes the potassium channel.
5) Cyclic AMP is produced.
6) Phosphorylation takes place.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 5 → 6 → 4 → 3 
B)  3 → 5 → 6 → 1 → 2 → 4 
C)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 4 
E)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 → 3 
A)  1 → 2 → 5 → 6 → 4 → 3 
B)  3 → 5 → 6 → 1 → 2 → 4 
C)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 4 
E)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 → 3 D

Question 4

In a neuron, a graded potential:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not vary in magnitude. 
B)  becomes stronger as it propagates. 
C)  only generates slow action potentials. 
D)  fades out within a few millimeters. 
E)  propagates only along unmyelinated axons. 
A)  does not vary in magnitude. 
B)  becomes stronger as it propagates. 
C)  only generates slow action potentials. 
D)  fades out within a few millimeters. 
E)  propagates only along unmyelinated axons.

Question 5

Figure 41-2   Refer to the accompanying figure. What structure is designated by label B?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation gate 
B)  inactivation gate 
C)  modulatory sensor 
D)  transport pump 
E)  transport sensor 
A)  activation gate 
B)  inactivation gate 
C)  modulatory sensor 
D)  transport pump 
E)  transport sensor

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: remove excess KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
line CNS cavities
form myelin sheaths
phagocytize bacteria and debris

Accepted Answer

The Answer of astrocytes and ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes and is...

Question 7

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Absolute refractor

Question 8

Dr. Askins performs an electrophysiology experiment. She records a neuron at rest. What voltage does she record?

Accepted Answer

A)  -70 mV 
B)  -55 mV 
C)  +35 mV 
D)  +55 mV 
E)  +70 mV 
A)  -70 mV 
B)  -55 mV 
C)  +35 mV 
D)  +55 mV 
E)  +70 mV

Question 9

Which is an accurate statement regarding the structure of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body. 
B)  Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between myelinated axon segments. 
C)  Nerve impulses travel along the axon toward the cell body. 
D)  Dendrites are often myelinated for faster conduction. 
E)  Myelin is a fatty material produced and secreted by the axon. 
A)  Dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body. 
B)  Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between myelinated axon segments. 
C)  Nerve impulses travel along the axon toward the cell body. 
D)  Dendrites are often myelinated for faster conduction. 
E)  Myelin is a fatty material produced and secreted by the axon.

Question 10

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The resting potential of a typical neuron is approximately +70 mV. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Accepted Answer

A)  results in partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  always causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  changes the action potential threshold level. 
A)  results in partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  always causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  changes the action potential threshold level.

Question 13

Astrocytes are glia that provide nutrients for neurons. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral charge in the cytosolic and extracellular fluids. 
B)  negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
C)  positive cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
D)  fluctuating cytosolic charge and constant extracellular charge. 
E)  constant cytosolic charge and fluctuating extracellular charge. 
A)  neutral charge in the cytosolic and extracellular fluids. 
B)  negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
C)  positive cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
D)  fluctuating cytosolic charge and constant extracellular charge. 
E)  constant cytosolic charge and fluctuating extracellular charge.

Question 15

The Japanese puffer fish, a food delicacy, contains the chemical tetrodotoxin (TTX). If too much TTX is ingested, this can prevent breathing because TTX:

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to and activates voltage-activated K+ channels. 
B)  binds to and activates voltage-activated Na+ channels. 
C)  blocks the passage of Ca+ through voltage-activated Ca+ channels. 
D)  blocks the passage of Na+ through voltage-activated Na+ channels. 
E)  blocks the passage of K+ through voltage-activated K+ channels. 
A)  binds to and activates voltage-activated K+ channels. 
B)  binds to and activates voltage-activated Na+ channels. 
C)  blocks the passage of Ca+ through voltage-activated Ca+ channels. 
D)  blocks the passage of Na+ through voltage-activated Na+ channels. 
E)  blocks the passage of K+ through voltage-activated K+ channels.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the speed of impulse conduction in a neuron is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longer axons can transmit impulses faster than shorter ones. 
B)  Unmyelinated axons transmit impulses faster than myelinated ones. 
C)  Shorter axons can transmit impulses faster than longer ones. 
D)  Nerve impulses travel faster than the speed of light. 
E)  Unmyelinated axons with larger diameters transmit impulses faster than ones with small diameters. 
A)  Longer axons can transmit impulses faster than shorter ones. 
B)  Unmyelinated axons transmit impulses faster than myelinated ones. 
C)  Shorter axons can transmit impulses faster than longer ones. 
D)  Nerve impulses travel faster than the speed of light. 
E)  Unmyelinated axons with larger diameters transmit impulses faster than ones with small diameters.

Question 17

What axonal characteristic facilitates the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments. 
B)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
C)  Voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
D)  Voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated Na+channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
E)  Voltage-gated Na+ K+ channels are spread evenly throughout both myelinated and unmyelinated segments. 
A)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments. 
B)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
C)  Voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
D)  Voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated Na+channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
E)  Voltage-gated Na+ K+ channels are spread evenly throughout both myelinated and unmyelinated segments.

Question 18

Figure 41-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

Accepted Answer

A)  To insulate the axon 
B)  To release neurotransmitters 
C)  To synthesize cell body organelles 
D)  To receive inputs from other neurons 
E)  To send retrograde signals to the cell body 
A)  To insulate the axon 
B)  To release neurotransmitters 
C)  To synthesize cell body organelles 
D)  To receive inputs from other neurons 
E)  To send retrograde signals to the cell body

Question 19

What event begins the process of repolarization following an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ channel inactivation gates close. 
B)  K+ channel inactivation gates open. 
C)  Na+ channel activation gates open. 
D)  Na+ channel activation gates close. 
E)  Na+ channel inactivation gates close. 
A)  K+ channel inactivation gates close. 
B)  K+ channel inactivation gates open. 
C)  Na+ channel activation gates open. 
D)  Na+ channel activation gates close. 
E)  Na+ channel inactivation gates close.

Question 20

The function of the sodium-potassium pump is to actively move:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell 
B)  sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell 
C)  sodium out of the cell and to block potassium movement 
D)  both sodium and potassium out of the cell 
E)  both sodium and potassium into the cell 
A)  sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell 
B)  sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell 
C)  sodium out of the cell and to block potassium movement 
D)  both sodium and potassium out of the cell 
E)  both sodium and potassium into the cell

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

An EPSP is an example of a(n) graded potential. ____________________

Figure 41-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure is specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons and to send signals to the cell body?

Arrange the events of a second messenger system in the correct order. 1) Protein kinase is activated. 2) G protein is activated. 3) The neurotransmitter binds to its receptor. 4) The protein closes the potassium channel. 5) Cyclic AMP is produced. 6) Phosphorylation takes place.

In a neuron, a graded potential:

Figure 41-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What structure is designated by label B?

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period.

Dr. Askins performs an electrophysiology experiment. She records a neuron at rest. What voltage does she record?

Which is an accurate statement regarding the structure of a neuron?

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage. ____________________

The resting potential of a typical neuron is approximately +70 mV. ____________________

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Astrocytes are glia that provide nutrients for neurons. ____________________

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

The Japanese puffer fish, a food delicacy, contains the chemical tetrodotoxin (TTX). If too much TTX is ingested, this can prevent breathing because TTX:

Which of the following statements about the speed of impulse conduction in a neuron is true?

What axonal characteristic facilitates the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Figure 41-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

What event begins the process of repolarization following an action potential?

The function of the sodium-potassium pump is to actively move:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters