Question 1

Which statement about chemical or electrical synapses is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrical synapses require a neurotransmitter. 
B)  In electrical synapses, presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are separated by synaptic clefts. 
C)  Electrical synapses store excess ions in synaptic vesicles. 
D)  In chemical synapses, presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are connected by a protein channel. 
E)  Electrical synapses involve the transfer of ions from presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons. 
A)  Electrical synapses require a neurotransmitter. 
B)  In electrical synapses, presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are separated by synaptic clefts. 
C)  Electrical synapses store excess ions in synaptic vesicles. 
D)  In chemical synapses, presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are connected by a protein channel. 
E)  Electrical synapses involve the transfer of ions from presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons.

Question 2

How is summation related to IPSPs and EPSPs? What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Individual IPSPs o

Question 3

Draw a diagram of a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

Accepted Answer

The diagram and its labels should resemb

Question 4

An inhibitory post-synaptic impulse (IPSP):

Accepted Answer

A)  brings a neuron to a more positive voltage. 
B)  brings the neuron further away from firing. 
C)  occurs when Cl- ion channels close. 
D)  occurs when Na+ ion channels open. 
E)  occurs when K+ ion channels close. 
A)  brings a neuron to a more positive voltage. 
B)  brings the neuron further away from firing. 
C)  occurs when Cl- ion channels close. 
D)  occurs when Na+ ion channels open. 
E)  occurs when K+ ion channels close.

Question 5

In multiple sclerosis, a patient:

Accepted Answer

A)  loses coordination due to the replacement of myelin with scar tissue. 
B)  accumulates neurofibrillary tangles in the brain resulting in dementia. 
C)  suffers tremors due to overly rapid and spontaneous firing of neural impulses. 
D)  loses the ability to move because of motor neuron degeneration. 
E)  suffers depression due to abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters. 
A)  loses coordination due to the replacement of myelin with scar tissue. 
B)  accumulates neurofibrillary tangles in the brain resulting in dementia. 
C)  suffers tremors due to overly rapid and spontaneous firing of neural impulses. 
D)  loses the ability to move because of motor neuron degeneration. 
E)  suffers depression due to abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters.

Question 6

Why is saltatory conduction faster than continuous conduction?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: In continuous cond

Question 7

Which neural signaling process is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  integration: sort and interpret sensory information 
B)  reception: sort and interpret sensory information 
C)  transmission: sort and interpret sensory information 
D)  integration: detect a stimulus 
E)  transmission: detect a stimulus 
A)  integration: sort and interpret sensory information 
B)  reception: sort and interpret sensory information 
C)  transmission: sort and interpret sensory information 
D)  integration: detect a stimulus 
E)  transmission: detect a stimulus

Question 8

Although the effects of an EPSP are subliminal, explain how EPSPs affect membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: EPSPs cause partia

Question 9

Neural signaling typically involves four processes. What is the correct order of those processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  integration, reception, action by effectors, and transmission 
B)  reception, transmission, integration, and action by effectors 
C)  integration, transmission, reception, and action by effectors 
D)  action by effectors, transmission, integration, and reception 
E)  reception, integration, action by effectors, and transmission 
A)  integration, reception, action by effectors, and transmission 
B)  reception, transmission, integration, and action by effectors 
C)  integration, transmission, reception, and action by effectors 
D)  action by effectors, transmission, integration, and reception 
E)  reception, integration, action by effectors, and transmission

Question 10

Many neurotransmitter receptors are chemically activated ion channels known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand-gated channels. 
B)  metabotropic channels. 
C)  voltage-gated channels. 
D)  G protein-coupled channels. . 
E)  neurotransmitter-selective channels. 
A)  ligand-gated channels. 
B)  metabotropic channels. 
C)  voltage-gated channels. 
D)  G protein-coupled channels. . 
E)  neurotransmitter-selective channels.

Question 11

The arrival of an action potential at a synaptic terminal causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which neurons integrate information coming into and out of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent neurons 
B)  motor neurons 
C)  interneurons 
D)  efferent neurons 
E)  sensory neurons 
A)  afferent neurons 
B)  motor neurons 
C)  interneurons 
D)  efferent neurons 
E)  sensory neurons

Question 13

What is/are characteristic(s) of EPSPs and IPSPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSPs and IPSPs do not influence action potentials. 
B)  EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  EPSPs and IPSPs occur via an all-or-none response. 
D)  EPSPs are fast action potentials; IPSPs are slow action potentials. 
E)  EPSPs occur in myelinated axons; IPSPs occur in unmyelinated axons. 
A)  EPSPs and IPSPs do not influence action potentials. 
B)  EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  EPSPs and IPSPs occur via an all-or-none response. 
D)  EPSPs are fast action potentials; IPSPs are slow action potentials. 
E)  EPSPs occur in myelinated axons; IPSPs occur in unmyelinated axons.

Question 14

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

Both are alternations in the membrane th

Question 15

Spatial summation is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitter simultaneously. 
B)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitter in a sequential pattern. 
C)  several postsynaptic neurons receive sequential inputs from several presynaptic neurons. 
D)  a single presynaptic neuron firing multiple times in rapid succession. 
E)  a single presynaptic neuron directly contacting several postsynaptic neurons. 
A)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitter simultaneously. 
B)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitter in a sequential pattern. 
C)  several postsynaptic neurons receive sequential inputs from several presynaptic neurons. 
D)  a single presynaptic neuron firing multiple times in rapid succession. 
E)  a single presynaptic neuron directly contacting several postsynaptic neurons.

Question 16

Neurotransmitters move by active transport across the synaptic cleft. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One function performed by astrocytes is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  form myelin sheaths 
B)  induce synapse formation 
C)  circulate cerebral spinal fluid 
D)  phagocytize bacteria 
E)  transmit action potentials 
A)  form myelin sheaths 
B)  induce synapse formation 
C)  circulate cerebral spinal fluid 
D)  phagocytize bacteria 
E)  transmit action potentials

Question 18

During the absolute refractory period, the axon membrane cannot transmit another action potential. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A neuronal axon transmits neural impulses toward its cell body. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During a relative refractory period, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon can transmit impulses comparable to a resting neuron. 
B)  an axon cannot transmit an action potential. 
C)  an axon can transmit impulses, but the threshold level is higher. 
D)  an axon can transmit impulses, but the threshold level is lower. 
E)  all voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated. 
A)  an axon can transmit impulses comparable to a resting neuron. 
B)  an axon cannot transmit an action potential. 
C)  an axon can transmit impulses, but the threshold level is higher. 
D)  an axon can transmit impulses, but the threshold level is lower. 
E)  all voltage-activated sodium channels are inactivated.

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

Which statement about chemical or electrical synapses is true?

How is summation related to IPSPs and EPSPs? What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Draw a diagram of a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

An inhibitory post-synaptic impulse (IPSP):

In multiple sclerosis, a patient:

Why is saltatory conduction faster than continuous conduction?

Which neural signaling process is correctly paired with its function?

Although the effects of an EPSP are subliminal, explain how EPSPs affect membrane potential.

Neural signaling typically involves four processes. What is the correct order of those processes?

Many neurotransmitter receptors are chemically activated ion channels known as:

The arrival of an action potential at a synaptic terminal causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open. ____________________

Which neurons integrate information coming into and out of the central nervous system?

What is/are characteristic(s) of EPSPs and IPSPs?

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

Spatial summation is characterized by:

Neurotransmitters move by active transport across the synaptic cleft. ____________________

One function performed by astrocytes is to:

During the absolute refractory period, the axon membrane cannot transmit another action potential. ____________________

A neuronal axon transmits neural impulses toward its cell body. ____________________

During a relative refractory period, ____.

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