Question 1

A type of genetic flow called the founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals from a large population form a new colony. 
_________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Natural selection acts directly on the genotype of an organism. 
_______

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The amount of observable variation due to environment can be measured by comparing the number, frequency and kinds of alleles in both parents and offspring. 
_________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which mechanism results in changes in allele frequencies in a population from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow 
B)  mutation 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  disruptive selection 
A)  gene flow 
B)  mutation 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  natural selection 
E)  disruptive selection

Question 5

Explain why mutations are almost always neutral or harmful.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Mutations are chan

Question 6

Based on the data in the accompanying figure, an infant with 90% survival (or 10% death) would weigh:

Accepted Answer

A)  11 lbs. 
B)  9 lbs. 
C)  7 lbs. 
D)  5 lbs. 
E)  3 lbs. 
A)  11 lbs. 
B)  9 lbs. 
C)  7 lbs. 
D)  5 lbs. 
E)  3 lbs.

Question 7

Table 19-1
  Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the dd genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  1.2 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.6 
E)  1.2

Question 8

Figure 19-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which beetle phenotype has the highest probability of survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  There is no difference in survival rate. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  There is no difference in survival rate.

Question 9

The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection within the bacterial population. 
B)  stabilizing selection within the bacterial population. 
C)  disruptive selection within the bacterial population. 
D)  balanced polymorphism within the bacterial population. 
E)  a heterozygote advantage within the bacterial population. 
A)  directional selection within the bacterial population. 
B)  stabilizing selection within the bacterial population. 
C)  disruptive selection within the bacterial population. 
D)  balanced polymorphism within the bacterial population. 
E)  a heterozygote advantage within the bacterial population.

Question 10

If all of the alleles of a given locus are the same in a population, then what is the frequency of that allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0 
E)  1000.0 
A)  0.1 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0 
E)  1000.0

Question 11

In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  albinism 
B)  hemophilia 
C)  Down syndrome 
D)  sickle cell anemia 
E)  Klinefelter syndrome 
A)  albinism 
B)  hemophilia 
C)  Down syndrome 
D)  sickle cell anemia 
E)  Klinefelter syndrome

Question 12

Non-inbred mice had a consistently lower survival than inbred mice. 
__________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What does p 2 represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The total alleles in a gene pool 
B)  The heterozygotes in a population 
C)  The recessive allele at a given locus 
D)  The dominant alleles in a given population 
E)  The homozygous dominant genotype at a given locus 
A)  The total alleles in a gene pool 
B)  The heterozygotes in a population 
C)  The recessive allele at a given locus 
D)  The dominant alleles in a given population 
E)  The homozygous dominant genotype at a given locus

Question 14

In ____ selection, individuals with a phenotype near the mean are favored over those at the phenotypic extremes.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural 
B)  disruptive 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  directional 
E)  frequency-dependent 
A)  natural 
B)  disruptive 
C)  stabilizing 
D)  directional 
E)  frequency-dependent

Question 15

What is the study of the genetic variability within a population and the forces that change allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution 
B)  allele genetics 
C)  variable ecology 
D)  population genetics 
E)  evolutionary genetics 
A)  evolution 
B)  allele genetics 
C)  variable ecology 
D)  population genetics 
E)  evolutionary genetics

Question 16

When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:

Accepted Answer

A)  arise in somatic cells. 
B)  result from genetic drift. 
C)  arise from the founder effect. 
D)  be balanced by polymorphism. 
E)  result from disruptive selection. 
A)  arise in somatic cells. 
B)  result from genetic drift. 
C)  arise from the founder effect. 
D)  be balanced by polymorphism. 
E)  result from disruptive selection.

Question 17

Seriously abnormal phenotypes or harmful mutations are acted against or reduced to low frequencies by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  beneficial mutations 
A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  beneficial mutations

Question 18

The Hardy-Weinberg principle shows that if the population is large , inheritance alone does not cause changes in allele frequency. 
_______

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Table 19-1
  Refer to the accompanying table. What is the allele frequency of d ?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.5 
E)  0.6 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  0.5 
E)  0.6

Question 20

Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder effect and genetic drift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage and genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage and the founder effect. 
D)  frequency-dependent selection and the founder effect. 
E)  heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection. 
A)  the founder effect and genetic drift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage and genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage and the founder effect. 
D)  frequency-dependent selection and the founder effect. 
E)  heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection.

Exam 19: Evolutionary Change in Populations

A type of genetic flow called the founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals from a large population form a new colony. _________

Natural selection acts directly on the genotype of an organism. _______

The amount of observable variation due to environment can be measured by comparing the number, frequency and kinds of alleles in both parents and offspring. _________

Which mechanism results in changes in allele frequencies in a population from one generation to another?

Explain why mutations are almost always neutral or harmful.

Based on the data in the accompanying figure, an infant with 90% survival (or 10% death) would weigh:

Table 19-1 Refer to the accompanying table. What is the frequency of the dd genotype?

Figure 19-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which beetle phenotype has the highest probability of survival?

The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:

If all of the alleles of a given locus are the same in a population, then what is the frequency of that allele?

In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?

Non-inbred mice had a consistently lower survival than inbred mice. __________

What does p 2 represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

In ____ selection, individuals with a phenotype near the mean are favored over those at the phenotypic extremes.

What is the study of the genetic variability within a population and the forces that change allele frequencies?

When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:

Seriously abnormal phenotypes or harmful mutations are acted against or reduced to low frequencies by which mechanism?

The Hardy-Weinberg principle shows that if the population is large , inheritance alone does not cause changes in allele frequency. _______

Table 19-1 Refer to the accompanying table. What is the allele frequency of d ?

Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

What does p ² represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?