Question 1

Pulmonary surfactant functions by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the cohesive forces of water molecules. 
B)  increasing the surface tension of water. 
C)  moving water across respiratory surfaces. 
D)  preventing the alveoli from expanding. 
E)  increasing the energy required to stretch the lungs. 
A)  increasing the cohesive forces of water molecules. 
B)  increasing the surface tension of water. 
C)  moving water across respiratory surfaces. 
D)  preventing the alveoli from expanding. 
E)  increasing the energy required to stretch the lungs.

Question 2

Respiratory acidosis results when ____ are produced more rapidly than they are removed.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen molecules 
B)  carbon dioxide molecules 
C)  chloride ions 
D)  hydrogen ions 
E)  carbonic anhydrase molecules 
A)  oxygen molecules 
B)  carbon dioxide molecules 
C)  chloride ions 
D)  hydrogen ions 
E)  carbonic anhydrase molecules

Question 3

____ have the most efficient respiratory system of any living vertebrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Mammals 
D)  Fish 
E)  Nonavian reptiles 
A)  Amphibians 
B)  Birds 
C)  Mammals 
D)  Fish 
E)  Nonavian reptiles

Question 4

Hemocyanin:

Accepted Answer

A)  combines irreversibly with oxygen for transport within the body of various organisms. 
B)  is bright red in color when combined with oxygen. 
C)  has an iron-porphyrin group that is responsible for oxygen transport. 
D)  is a respiratory pigment found in the blood of some invertebrate and vertebrate species. 
E)  is a respiratory pigment that is colorless when deoxygenated. 
A)  combines irreversibly with oxygen for transport within the body of various organisms. 
B)  is bright red in color when combined with oxygen. 
C)  has an iron-porphyrin group that is responsible for oxygen transport. 
D)  is a respiratory pigment found in the blood of some invertebrate and vertebrate species. 
E)  is a respiratory pigment that is colorless when deoxygenated.

Question 5

Figure 46-4   Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves at three different pH levels
The phenomenon illustrated in the accompanying figure is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide unloading. 
B)  the Bohr effect. 
C)  hemoglobin transportation. 
D)  chloride shift. 
E)  residual capacity. 
A)  carbon dioxide unloading. 
B)  the Bohr effect. 
C)  hemoglobin transportation. 
D)  chloride shift. 
E)  residual capacity.

Question 6

The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  exhalation. 
B)  aeration. 
C)  inhalation. 
D)  respiration. 
E)  ventilation. 
A)  exhalation. 
B)  aeration. 
C)  inhalation. 
D)  respiration. 
E)  ventilation.

Question 7

Which of the following is a disadvantage of gas exchange in water, as compared to gas exchange in air?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air is less dense than water. 
B)  Air contains a higher concentration of oxygen. 
C)  Less energy is needed to move air over a gas exchange surface. 
D)  Oxygen diffuses more slowly through air than water. 
E)  Air is less viscous than water. 
A)  Air is less dense than water. 
B)  Air contains a higher concentration of oxygen. 
C)  Less energy is needed to move air over a gas exchange surface. 
D)  Oxygen diffuses more slowly through air than water. 
E)  Air is less viscous than water.

Question 8

Some amphibians:

Accepted Answer

A)  may exchange gases across their body surfaces. 
B)  all have fairly simple, book lungs. 
C)  all have gills and swim bladders, homologous to those found in fishes. 
D)  are characterized by having parabronchi across which most of the gas exchange occurs. 
E)  have a large oxygen demand that is met by using a countercurrent gas exchange mechanism. 
A)  may exchange gases across their body surfaces. 
B)  all have fairly simple, book lungs. 
C)  all have gills and swim bladders, homologous to those found in fishes. 
D)  are characterized by having parabronchi across which most of the gas exchange occurs. 
E)  have a large oxygen demand that is met by using a countercurrent gas exchange mechanism.

Question 9

During inhalation, air moves from the pharynx directly into the trachea .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Identify and briefly explain two adaptations of diving marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins.

Accepted Answer

Some adaptations of diving marine mammal

Question 11

Vocal cords are located in the larynx.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The single most preventable cause of disease in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol use. 
B)  tobacco use. 
C)  automobile accidents. 
D)  suicide. 
E)  homicide. 
A)  alcohol use. 
B)  tobacco use. 
C)  automobile accidents. 
D)  suicide. 
E)  homicide.

Question 13

The countercurrent exchange system found in fish gills maximizes gas exchange efficiency by:

Accepted Answer

A)  producing rapid water flows across the gill surface. 
B)  allowing water and blood to come in direct contact to maximize oxygen exchange. 
C)  having a high concentration gradient of oxygen at the start of the capillaries. 
D)  maintaining a high concentration gradient of oxygen along the entire length of capillaries. 
E)  decreasing the oxygen content of the blood leaving the gill filaments. 
A)  producing rapid water flows across the gill surface. 
B)  allowing water and blood to come in direct contact to maximize oxygen exchange. 
C)  having a high concentration gradient of oxygen at the start of the capillaries. 
D)  maintaining a high concentration gradient of oxygen along the entire length of capillaries. 
E)  decreasing the oxygen content of the blood leaving the gill filaments.

Exam 46: Gas Exchange

Pulmonary surfactant functions by:

Respiratory acidosis results when ____ are produced more rapidly than they are removed.

____ have the most efficient respiratory system of any living vertebrate.

Hemocyanin:

Figure 46-4 Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves at three different pH levels The phenomenon illustrated in the accompanying figure is known as:

The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment is known as:

Which of the following is a disadvantage of gas exchange in water, as compared to gas exchange in air?

Some amphibians:

During inhalation, air moves from the pharynx directly into the trachea .

Identify and briefly explain two adaptations of diving marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins.

Vocal cords are located in the larynx.

The single most preventable cause of disease in the United States is:

The countercurrent exchange system found in fish gills maximizes gas exchange efficiency by:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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