Question 1

During signal transduction of a G protein, the first messenger binds to the receptor, and the G protein is activated. What happens next?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of cAMP 
B)  cellular response 
C)  activation of protein kinase 
D)  activation of adenylyl cyclase 
E)  phosphorylation of the G protein 
A)  formation of cAMP 
B)  cellular response 
C)  activation of protein kinase 
D)  activation of adenylyl cyclase 
E)  phosphorylation of the G protein

Question 2

Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors; when activated, they activate or repress specific _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  genes 
B)  neurons 
C)  kinases 
D)  enyzmes 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  genes 
B)  neurons 
C)  kinases 
D)  enyzmes 
E)  ribosomes

Question 3

What type of chemical compound diffuses across synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons 
B)  hormones 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  prostaglandins 
E)  neurotransmitters 
A)  neurons 
B)  hormones 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  prostaglandins 
E)  neurotransmitters

Question 4

During signal transduction involving G protein and cAMP, what do protein kinases add to target proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme 
B)  substrates 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  calcium ions 
E)  phosphate groups 
A)  enzyme 
B)  substrates 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  calcium ions 
E)  phosphate groups

Question 5

Ion channels are found in the plasma membranes of neurons and muscle cells. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which receptor in plant cells is activated by red light?

Accepted Answer

A)  rhodopsin 
B)  diacylglycerol 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  phytochrome 
E)  cryptochrome 
A)  rhodopsin 
B)  diacylglycerol 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  phytochrome 
E)  cryptochrome

Question 7

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds to a(n) ____, and its inner part binds to a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein; ion channel 
B)  G protein; tyrosine kinase 
C)  ion channel; G protein 
D)  signaling molecule; G protein 
E)  signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase 
A)  G protein; ion channel 
B)  G protein; tyrosine kinase 
C)  ion channel; G protein 
D)  signaling molecule; G protein 
E)  signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  cortisol 
C)  ecdysone 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  brassinosteroid 
A)  GABA 
B)  cortisol 
C)  ecdysone 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  brassinosteroid

Question 9

Suppose that acetylcholine binds its receptor on the surface of a muscle cell. What happens next?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sodium gate opens. 
B)  G protein is activated. 
C)  Tyrosine is phosphorylated. 
D)  Tyrosine kinase is activated. 
E)  A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse. 
A)  A sodium gate opens. 
B)  G protein is activated. 
C)  Tyrosine is phosphorylated. 
D)  Tyrosine kinase is activated. 
E)  A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse.

Question 10

Scaffold proteins organize groups of intracellular signaling kinases into signaling complexes. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next/

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  GDP is replaced by GTP. 
C)  cAMP is converted to ATP. 
D)  Adenylyl cyclase is activated. 
E)  The protein kinase activates a cellular response. 
A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  GDP is replaced by GTP. 
C)  cAMP is converted to ATP. 
D)  Adenylyl cyclase is activated. 
E)  The protein kinase activates a cellular response.

Question 12

Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why is it important for cells to be able to communicate with one another? List the main steps involved in cell signaling.

Accepted Answer

It is important for cells to c

Question 14

Compare and contrast local regulators, neurotransmitters, and hormones.

Accepted Answer

Local regulators help cells co

Question 15

What type of cells must receive, relay, and respond to the information signaled?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  integrins 
C)  target cells 
D)  local regulators 
E)  neurotransmitters 
A)  GABA 
B)  integrins 
C)  target cells 
D)  local regulators 
E)  neurotransmitters

Question 16

The main signaling cascade for cell division and differentiation is the ____ cascade.

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  MAP kinase 
C)  phosphoinositol 
D)  phospholipase C 
E)  calcium-calmodulin 
A)  cAMP 
B)  MAP kinase 
C)  phosphoinositol 
D)  phospholipase C 
E)  calcium-calmodulin

Question 17

Which statement about G protein is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its subunits can separate. 
B)  One subunit is a GTPase. 
C)  One subunit binds GTP. 
D)  One subunit binds GDP. 
E)  One subunit binds ATP. 
A)  Its subunits can separate. 
B)  One subunit is a GTPase. 
C)  One subunit binds GTP. 
D)  One subunit binds GDP. 
E)  One subunit binds ATP.

Question 18

What is calmodulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hormone 
B)  a phosphatase 
C)  a phospholipase 
D)  a protein kinase 
E)  a calcium-binding protein 
A)  a hormone 
B)  a phosphatase 
C)  a phospholipase 
D)  a protein kinase 
E)  a calcium-binding protein

Question 19

Which MAP protein kinase is the last to be activated in the MAP kinase pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ras 
B)  Raf 
C)  ERK 
D)  Mek 
E)  tyrosine 
A)  Ras 
B)  Raf 
C)  ERK 
D)  Mek 
E)  tyrosine

Question 20

How is paracrine signaling different from other types of signaling?

Accepted Answer

A)  The signaling molecule are hormones. 
B)  The signaling molecules release neurotransmitters. 
C)  The signaling molecules are displayed on the cell surface. 
D)  The signaling molecules are transferred by electrical signals. 
E)  The signaling molecule diffused through interstitial fluid, acting on nearby cells. 
A)  The signaling molecule are hormones. 
B)  The signaling molecules release neurotransmitters. 
C)  The signaling molecules are displayed on the cell surface. 
D)  The signaling molecules are transferred by electrical signals. 
E)  The signaling molecule diffused through interstitial fluid, acting on nearby cells.

Exam 6: Cell Communication

During signal transduction of a G protein, the first messenger binds to the receptor, and the G protein is activated. What happens next?

Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors; when activated, they activate or repress specific _____ .

What type of chemical compound diffuses across synapses?

During signal transduction involving G protein and cAMP, what do protein kinases add to target proteins?

Ion channels are found in the plasma membranes of neurons and muscle cells. __________________

Which receptor in plant cells is activated by red light?

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds to a(n) ____, and its inner part binds to a(n) ____.

Which neurotransmitter opens ligand-gated sodium channels?

Suppose that acetylcholine binds its receptor on the surface of a muscle cell. What happens next?

Scaffold proteins organize groups of intracellular signaling kinases into signaling complexes. __________________

In the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next/

Barbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility. __________________

Why is it important for cells to be able to communicate with one another? List the main steps involved in cell signaling.

Compare and contrast local regulators, neurotransmitters, and hormones.

What type of cells must receive, relay, and respond to the information signaled?

The main signaling cascade for cell division and differentiation is the ____ cascade.

Which statement about G protein is false ?

What is calmodulin?

Which MAP protein kinase is the last to be activated in the MAP kinase pathway?

How is paracrine signaling different from other types of signaling?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds to a(n) , and its inner part binds to a(n) .