Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: urine flows out of the body via this structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of ureter and collecting duct and distal convoluted is...

Question 2

The ____ is shorter in females than it is in males, which explains the greater likelihood of developing bladder infections in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter; females 
B)  ureter; males 
C)  renal papilla; females 
D)  urethra; males 
E)  urethra; females 
A)  ureter; females 
B)  ureter; males 
C)  renal papilla; females 
D)  urethra; males 
E)  urethra; females

Question 3

The main nitrogenous waste of adult amphibians is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  peptides. 
E)  purines. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  peptides. 
E)  purines.

Question 4

The walls of the descending limb of the loop of Henle are relatively permeable to sodium .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which statement is accurate of filtration by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 25% of the plasma passing through the glomerulus becomes part of the glomerular filtrate. 
B)  Solutes dissolved in the plasma, such as glucose, amino acids, and various salts, become part of the filtrate. 
C)  The normal glomerular filtration rate adds up to about 80 L every 24 hours. 
D)  Approximately 75% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules. 
E)  The filtration membrane prevents the passage of cells, but allows large molecules to pass through. 
A)  About 25% of the plasma passing through the glomerulus becomes part of the glomerular filtrate. 
B)  Solutes dissolved in the plasma, such as glucose, amino acids, and various salts, become part of the filtrate. 
C)  The normal glomerular filtration rate adds up to about 80 L every 24 hours. 
D)  Approximately 75% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules. 
E)  The filtration membrane prevents the passage of cells, but allows large molecules to pass through.

Question 6

Figure 48-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. Secretion of potassium and ammonium ions occurs mainly in the portion labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  2. 
B)  5. 
C)  7. 
D)  9. 
E)  10. 
A)  2. 
B)  5. 
C)  7. 
D)  9. 
E)  10.

Question 7

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin.

Question 8

Figure 48-3   Refer to the accompanying figure. Reabsorption of solutes with nutritional value occurs at the point labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  3. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  9. 
A)  1. 
B)  3. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  9.

Question 9

Sharks excrete a(n) small volume of dilute urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Figure 48-2   Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a freshwater environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

Accepted Answer

A)  salt uptake 
B)  water gain by osmosis 
C)  drinking 
D)  removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  release of nitrogenous wastes 
A)  salt uptake 
B)  water gain by osmosis 
C)  drinking 
D)  removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  release of nitrogenous wastes

Question 11

The main osmoregulatory and excretory organ in most vertebrates is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  gill. 
C)  metanephridium. 
D)  lung. 
E)  kidney. 
A)  skin. 
B)  gill. 
C)  metanephridium. 
D)  lung. 
E)  kidney.

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of structures through which the filtrate would pass?
1) Bowman's capsule
2) collecting duct
3) distal convoluted tubule
4) proximal convoluted tubule
5) ascending loop of Henle
6) descending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6 → 2 
B)  1 → 4 → 5 → 6 → 3 → 2 
C)  1 → 6 → 5 → 4 → 3 → 2 
D)  1 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 6 → 5 
E)  1 → 4 → 6 → 5 → 3 → 2 
A)  1 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6 → 2 
B)  1 → 4 → 5 → 6 → 3 → 2 
C)  1 → 6 → 5 → 4 → 3 → 2 
D)  1 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 6 → 5 
E)  1 → 4 → 6 → 5 → 3 → 2

Question 13

Figure 48-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. Which compound is the primary nitrogenous waste product of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 14

What is meant by the counterflow of fluid through the limbs of the loop of Henle, and what is its role in the normal function of a human kidney?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The filtrate passi

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: flatworms and nemerteans

Accepted Answer

The Answer of metanephridia and nephridia and protonephridia and Malpighian is...

Question 16

The renal medulla contains the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: simple or branching tubes that open to the outside via nephridiopores

Accepted Answer

The Answer of metanephridia and Malpighian tubules and nephridia and is...

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: most of the secretion occurs as the filtrate passes through this structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of proximal convoluted tubule and Bowman's capsule and is...

Question 19

Aldosterone is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of sodium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The efferent arterioles transport blood directly into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arterioles. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
E)  renal artery. 
A)  afferent arterioles. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
E)  renal artery.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

The ____ is shorter in females than it is in males, which explains the greater likelihood of developing bladder infections in ____.

The main nitrogenous waste of adult amphibians is:

The walls of the descending limb of the loop of Henle are relatively permeable to sodium .

Which statement is accurate of filtration by the kidneys?

Figure 48-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Secretion of potassium and ammonium ions occurs mainly in the portion labeled as:

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of:

Figure 48-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Reabsorption of solutes with nutritional value occurs at the point labeled as:

Sharks excrete a(n) small volume of dilute urine.

Figure 48-2 Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a freshwater environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

The main osmoregulatory and excretory organ in most vertebrates is the:

What is the correct sequence of structures through which the filtrate would pass? 1) Bowman's capsule 2) collecting duct 3) distal convoluted tubule 4) proximal convoluted tubule 5) ascending loop of Henle 6) descending loop of Henle

Figure 48-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which compound is the primary nitrogenous waste product of amphibians?

What is meant by the counterflow of fluid through the limbs of the loop of Henle, and what is its role in the normal function of a human kidney?

The renal medulla contains the:

Aldosterone is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of sodium.

The efferent arterioles transport blood directly into the:

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Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

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