Question 1

Hemoglobin A2 is defined biochemically as:

Accepted Answer

A)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
B)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
C)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
D)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
E)  None of the above 
A)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
B)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
C)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
D)  (F1F1F1S1F1F1F102F1F1F1S1F1F1F102) 
E)  None of the above C

Question 2

Which principal peripheral protein represents approximately 75% of the peripheral RBC membrane protein and 25% of the total membrane protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spectrin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Glycophorin 
D)  Ankyrin 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Spectrin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Glycophorin 
D)  Ankyrin 
E)  None of the above A

Question 3

In hemoglobinuria, oxyhemoglobin predominates in alkaline urine and gives it what color?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purple 
B)  Red 
C)  Brown 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Purple 
B)  Red 
C)  Brown 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above B

Question 4

This abnormal hemoglobin forms when the iron is oxidized to the ferric (Fe3+) state, and normally, less than 1% of the total circulatory hemoglobin is in this form in the normal individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
B)  Methemoglobin 
C)  Sulfhemoglobin 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
B)  Methemoglobin 
C)  Sulfhemoglobin 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

At what level of increased circulating sulfhemoglobin may cyanosis, anemia, and death occur due to a tissue oxygen deficit related to the increased concentration of this abnormal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  5.0 g/dL 
B)  1.5 g/dL 
C)  0.5 g/dL 
D)  0.1 g/dL 
A)  5.0 g/dL 
B)  1.5 g/dL 
C)  0.5 g/dL 
D)  0.1 g/dL

Question 6

Which of the following is a rare inherited congenital disorder that results in large amounts of UPG I accumulating in the RBCs, bone marrow, and urine of these patients due to an abnormal pathway for the synthesis of protoporphyrin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ringed sideroblastic anemia 
B)  Erythropoietic porphyria 
C)  Hepatic porphyria 
D)  Thalassemia 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Ringed sideroblastic anemia 
B)  Erythropoietic porphyria 
C)  Hepatic porphyria 
D)  Thalassemia 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following can shift the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to the left?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Increase in body temperature (fever) 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Increases in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 
B)  Acidosis 
C)  Increase in body temperature (fever) 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Protoporphyrin synthesis begins in the mitochondria with the formation of __________ from glycine and succinyl CoA, which is the major rate-limiting step in heme synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Porphobilinogen (PBG) 
B)  Uroporphyrinogen (UPG) 
C)  Delta aminolevulinic acid (D-AL
A)  
D)  Coproporphyrinogen (CPG) 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Porphobilinogen (PBG) 
B)  Uroporphyrinogen (UPG) 
C)  Delta aminolevulinic acid (D-AL
A)  
D)  Coproporphyrinogen (CPG) 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

The majority of which of these proteins carry RBC antigens and are receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spectrin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Glycophorin 
D)  Ankyrin 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Spectrin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Glycophorin 
D)  Ankyrin 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

The formation of which abnormal hemoglobin can occur in a number of conditions, such as in chronic heavy smokers, and result in the binding of the abnormal molecule to heme 200 times tighter than the binding of oxygen to heme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
B)  Methemoglobin 
C)  Sulfhemoglobin 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
B)  Methemoglobin 
C)  Sulfhemoglobin 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

What is the normal level of plasma hemopexin?

Accepted Answer

A)  50-200 mg/dL 
B)  5 g/L 
C)  2-5 mg/dL 
D)  50-100 mg/dL 
E)  None of the above 
A)  50-200 mg/dL 
B)  5 g/L 
C)  2-5 mg/dL 
D)  50-100 mg/dL 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

At what level of increased circulating methemoglobin may cyanosis, anemia, and death occur due to a tissue oxygen deficit related to the increased concentration of this abnormal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  5.0 g/dL 
B)  1.5 g/dL 
C)  0.5 g/dL 
D)  0.1 g/dL 
A)  5.0 g/dL 
B)  1.5 g/dL 
C)  0.5 g/dL 
D)  0.1 g/dL

Question 13

Which of the following RBC metabolic pathways is responsible for the production of the organic phosphate 2,3-DPG, which is important in delivering oxygen to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embden-Meyerhof 
B)  Hexose monophosphate (phosphogluconate) 
C)  Methemoglobin reductase 
D)  Luebering-Rapaport 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Embden-Meyerhof 
B)  Hexose monophosphate (phosphogluconate) 
C)  Methemoglobin reductase 
D)  Luebering-Rapaport 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

Circulating methemalbumin gives the plasma or blood what color?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purple 
B)  Red 
C)  Brown 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Purple 
B)  Red 
C)  Brown 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

What is the normal level of plasma hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  50-200 mg/dL 
B)  5 g/L 
C)  2-5 mg/dL 
D)  50-100 mg/dL 
E)  None of the above 
A)  50-200 mg/dL 
B)  5 g/L 
C)  2-5 mg/dL 
D)  50-100 mg/dL 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

In the fetus, the majority of the hemoglobin is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  HbA 
B)  HbA2 
C)  HbF 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above 
A)  HbA 
B)  HbA2 
C)  HbF 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following abnormal RBC morphology result as an accumulation of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomatocytes 
B)  Bite cells 
C)  Spherocytes 
D)  Target cells 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Stomatocytes 
B)  Bite cells 
C)  Spherocytes 
D)  Target cells 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

What change(s) is/are associated with the aging of the RBC?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased spheroidal shape 
B)  Decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 
C)  Increased oxygen affinity 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Increased spheroidal shape 
B)  Decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 
C)  Increased oxygen affinity 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following stains iron in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wright stain 
B)  Giemsa stain 
C)  Prussian blue 
D)  Hematoxylin and eosin 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Wright stain 
B)  Giemsa stain 
C)  Prussian blue 
D)  Hematoxylin and eosin 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is the RBC intracellular-to-extracellular ratio for potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  25:1 
B)  1:12 
C)  12:1 
D)  1:25 
E)  None of the above 
A)  25:1 
B)  1:12 
C)  12:1 
D)  1:25 
E)  None of the above

Exam 3: The Red Blood Cell: Structure and Function

Hemoglobin A2 is defined biochemically as:

Which principal peripheral protein represents approximately 75% of the peripheral RBC membrane protein and 25% of the total membrane protein?

In hemoglobinuria, oxyhemoglobin predominates in alkaline urine and gives it what color?

This abnormal hemoglobin forms when the iron is oxidized to the ferric (Fe3+) state, and normally, less than 1% of the total circulatory hemoglobin is in this form in the normal individual.

At what level of increased circulating sulfhemoglobin may cyanosis, anemia, and death occur due to a tissue oxygen deficit related to the increased concentration of this abnormal hemoglobin?

Which of the following is a rare inherited congenital disorder that results in large amounts of UPG I accumulating in the RBCs, bone marrow, and urine of these patients due to an abnormal pathway for the synthesis of protoporphyrin?

Which of the following can shift the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to the left?

Protoporphyrin synthesis begins in the mitochondria with the formation of __________ from glycine and succinyl CoA, which is the major rate-limiting step in heme synthesis.

The majority of which of these proteins carry RBC antigens and are receptors?

The formation of which abnormal hemoglobin can occur in a number of conditions, such as in chronic heavy smokers, and result in the binding of the abnormal molecule to heme 200 times tighter than the binding of oxygen to heme?

What is the normal level of plasma hemopexin?

At what level of increased circulating methemoglobin may cyanosis, anemia, and death occur due to a tissue oxygen deficit related to the increased concentration of this abnormal hemoglobin?

Which of the following RBC metabolic pathways is responsible for the production of the organic phosphate 2,3-DPG, which is important in delivering oxygen to the tissues?

Circulating methemalbumin gives the plasma or blood what color?

What is the normal level of plasma hemoglobin?

In the fetus, the majority of the hemoglobin is __________.

Which of the following abnormal RBC morphology result as an accumulation of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

What change(s) is/are associated with the aging of the RBC?

Which of the following stains iron in the bone marrow?

Which of the following is the RBC intracellular-to-extracellular ratio for potassium?

Morphology of Human Blood and Marrow Cells: Hematopoiesis

Bone Marrow

Anemia: Diagnosis and Clinical Considerations

Evaluation of Red Blood Cell Morphology and Introduction to Platelet and White Blood Cell Morphology

Iron Metabolism and Hypochromic Anemias

Megaloblastic Anemias

Aplastic Anemia Including Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemias: Intracorpuscular Defects: I Hereditary Defects of the Red Cell Membrane

Hemolytic Anemias: Intracorpuscular Defects: II Hereditary Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemias: Intracorpuscular Defects: III the Hemoglobinopathies

Hemolytic Anemias: Intracorpuscular Defects: Iv Thalassemia

Hemolytic Anemias: Extracorpuscular Defects

Hypoproliferative Anemia: Anemia Associated With Systemic Diseases

Cell Biology, Disorders of Neutrophils, Infectious Mononucleosis, and Reactive Lymphocytosis

Introduction to Leukemia and the Acute Leukemias

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders I: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders Ii: Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Idiopathic Myelofibrosis

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related Lymphoproliferative Disorders

The Lymphomas

Multiple Myeloma and Related Plasma Cell Disorders

Lipid Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Histiocytosis

Introduction to Hemostasis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis: Quantitative and Qualitative Platelet Disorders and Vascular Disorders

Disorders of Plasma Clotting Factors

Interaction of the Fibrinolytic, Coagulation, and Kinin Systems; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; and Related Pathology

Introduction to Thrombosis and Anticoagulant Therapy

Quality Control in the Hematology Laboratory

Body Fluid Examination: the Qualitative, Quantitative, and Morphologic Analysis of Serous, Cerebrospinal, and Synovial Fluids

Hematology Methods

Principles of Automated Differential Analysis

Coagulation Procedures

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Hematology and Hemostasis

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques in Hematopathology

Special Stainscytochemistry

Filters

Hemoglobin A₂ is defined biochemically as:

This abnormal hemoglobin forms when the iron is oxidized to the ferric (Fe³⁺) state, and normally, less than 1% of the total circulatory hemoglobin is in this form in the normal individual.