Question 1

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine I:E ratio?
1) Volume
2) Flow
3) Rate

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 2

Which of the following equations best describes the pressure (P) necessary to drive gas into the airway and inflate the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  P = (Elastance . Volume) + (Resistance . Flow) 
B)  P = (Elastance - Volume) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
C)  P = (Volume + Compliance) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
D)  P = (Volume ÷ Compliance) - (Resistance . Flow) 
A)  P = (Elastance . Volume) + (Resistance . Flow) 
B)  P = (Elastance - Volume) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
C)  P = (Volume + Compliance) + (Resistance ÷ Flow) 
D)  P = (Volume ÷ Compliance) - (Resistance . Flow)

Question 3

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 20/min. The inspiratory time is 0.75 sec. What is the percentage inspiratory time?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  30% 
D)  33% 
A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  30% 
D)  33%

Question 4

Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include which of the following?
1) Pneumatic diaphragm valve
2) Proportional valve
3) Electromagnetic poppet or plunger
4) Linear screw valve

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 5

Which of the following is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size in pressure controlled?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive inspiratory pressure (PIP)-positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C)  Tidal volume 
D)  Flow 
A)  Positive inspiratory pressure (PIP)-positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 
B)  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 
C)  Tidal volume 
D)  Flow

Question 6

A complete ventilatory cycle or breath consists of which of the following phases?
1) Expiration
2) Initiation of inspiration
3) Inspiration
4) End of inspiration

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 7

The volume waveform generated by a ventilator remains the same against changing lung mechanics. Which of the following parameters might this device be controlling?
1) Volume
2) Flow
3) Pressure

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rectangular flow 
B)  Rectangular pressure 
C)  Ascending ramp flow 
D)  Sinusoidal flow 
A)  Rectangular flow 
B)  Rectangular pressure 
C)  Ascending ramp flow 
D)  Sinusoidal flow

Question 9

Pure time-triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assist 
B)  Intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C)  Assist and control 
D)  Proportional assist 
A)  Assist 
B)  Intermittent mandatory ventilation 
C)  Assist and control 
D)  Proportional assist

Question 10

If a ventilator, not the patient, initiates a breath, what is the trigger variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Time 
B)  Pressure 
C)  Flow 
D)  Volume 
A)  Time 
B)  Pressure 
C)  Flow 
D)  Volume

Question 11

A patient receiving time-triggered continuous mechanical ventilation at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing. Which of the following will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high-pressure limit alarm will sound (if properly set). 
B)  The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min. 
C)  The low tidal volume (VT) alarm will sound (if properly set). 
D)  Ventilation will drop to zero and the apnea alarm will sound. 
A)  The high-pressure limit alarm will sound (if properly set). 
B)  The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min. 
C)  The low tidal volume (VT) alarm will sound (if properly set). 
D)  Ventilation will drop to zero and the apnea alarm will sound.

Question 12

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 25%. What is the I:E ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  1:3 
B)  1:2 
C)  1:4 
D)  1:1 
A)  1:3 
B)  1:2 
C)  1:4 
D)  1:1

Question 13

According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system, a ventilator can control which of the following variables?
1) Volume
2) Resistance
3) Pressure
4) Flow

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 14

The respiratory therapist has been called to transport a patient from the emergency department to obtain a CT scan. Which of the following types of ventilator should the therapist chose to transport the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electric 
B)  Apneuistic 
C)  Pneumatic 
D)  Electronic 
A)  Electric 
B)  Apneuistic 
C)  Pneumatic 
D)  Electronic

Question 15

Which of the following major categories of ventilator function are useful in classifying ventilators?
1) Control system
2) Power transmission and conversion
3) Output
4) Input

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 3 and 4 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 3 and 4 only 
C) 1, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 16

A physician requests that you switch from pressure-triggering a patient to flow-triggering. Which of the following new settings would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
B)  Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at -2 cm H2O 
C)  Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
D)  Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 10 cm H2O 
A)  Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
B)  Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at -2 cm H2O 
C)  Base flow = 10 L/min; trigger at 2 L/min 
D)  Base flow = 0 L/min; trigger at 10 cm H2O

Question 17

A ventilator can derive its input power from which of the following sources?
1) Alternating current (AC) electricity
2) Battery
3) Pneumatic

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 18

What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern ventilators?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure 
B)  Flow 
C)  Time 
D)  Volume 
A)  Pressure 
B)  Flow 
C)  Time 
D)  Volume

Question 19

Which of the following ventilators is controlled by fluidic logic systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Siemens Servo 300 
B)  Bio-Med MVP-10 
C)  Bird 8400ST 
D)  Bear 1000 
A)  Siemens Servo 300 
B)  Bio-Med MVP-10 
C)  Bird 8400ST 
D)  Bear 1000

Question 20

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following setting(s) determine(s) VT?
1) Pressure difference
2) Inspiratory time
3) Time constant

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Exam 45: Mechanical Ventilators

During volume-targeted ventilation, which of the following settings determine I:E ratio? 1) Volume 2) Flow 3) Rate

Which of the following equations best describes the pressure (P) necessary to drive gas into the airway and inflate the lungs?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 20/min. The inspiratory time is 0.75 sec. What is the percentage inspiratory time?

Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include which of the following? 1) Pneumatic diaphragm valve 2) Proportional valve 3) Electromagnetic poppet or plunger 4) Linear screw valve

Which of the following is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size in pressure controlled?

A complete ventilatory cycle or breath consists of which of the following phases? 1) Expiration 2) Initiation of inspiration 3) Inspiration 4) End of inspiration

The volume waveform generated by a ventilator remains the same against changing lung mechanics. Which of the following parameters might this device be controlling? 1) Volume 2) Flow 3) Pressure

Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveform?

Pure time-triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?

If a ventilator, not the patient, initiates a breath, what is the trigger variable?

A patient receiving time-triggered continuous mechanical ventilation at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing. Which of the following will occur?

A patient is receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 10/min. The inspiratory time control is set at 25%. What is the I:E ratio?

According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system, a ventilator can control which of the following variables? 1) Volume 2) Resistance 3) Pressure 4) Flow

The respiratory therapist has been called to transport a patient from the emergency department to obtain a CT scan. Which of the following types of ventilator should the therapist chose to transport the patient?

Which of the following major categories of ventilator function are useful in classifying ventilators? 1) Control system 2) Power transmission and conversion 3) Output 4) Input

A physician requests that you switch from pressure-triggering a patient to flow-triggering. Which of the following new settings would be appropriate?

A ventilator can derive its input power from which of the following sources? 1) Alternating current (AC) electricity 2) Battery 3) Pneumatic

What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern ventilators?

Which of the following ventilators is controlled by fluidic logic systems?

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following setting(s) determine(s) VT? 1) Pressure difference 2) Inspiratory time 3) Time constant

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

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Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

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Airway Pharmacology

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Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

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Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

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Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

During pressure-targeted ventilation, which of the following setting(s) determine(s) V_T? 1) Pressure difference 2) Inspiratory time 3) Time constant