Question 1

When using water traps to help minimize the problems caused by condensation in a heated-humidifier ventilator circuit, where would you place the traps?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the expiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit. 
B)  In both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit. 
C)  In the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit. 
D)  In both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit. 
A)  In the expiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit. 
B)  In both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit. 
C)  In the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit. 
D)  In both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit.

Question 2

What is the most important factor determining a humidifier's performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surface area 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Time of contact 
D)  Gas flow 
A)  Surface area 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Time of contact 
D)  Gas flow

Question 3

The relief valve on a bubble humidifier serves which of the following functions?
1) It indicates when flow has been interrupted.
2) It protects the device from pressure damage.
3) It warns you when the water level is low.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 4

Which of the following are true when heated-wire circuits are used with heated humidifiers except:

Accepted Answer

A)  the humidifier operates at a higher temperature. 
B)  there is less condensate and a reduced need for drainage. 
C)  cost savings (less water and staff time) are realized. 
D)  there is less infection risk for both patient and caregivers. 
A)  the humidifier operates at a higher temperature. 
B)  there is less condensate and a reduced need for drainage. 
C)  cost savings (less water and staff time) are realized. 
D)  there is less infection risk for both patient and caregivers.

Question 5

Why should you not heat the reservoirs of a bubble humidifier used with an oronasal O2 delivery system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Condensate will obstruct the delivery tubing. 
B)  Heating will melt the reservoir or cause a fire. 
C)  Heating will absorb the extra water vapor. 
D)  Heating will cause too much aerosol impaction. 
A)  Condensate will obstruct the delivery tubing. 
B)  Heating will melt the reservoir or cause a fire. 
C)  Heating will absorb the extra water vapor. 
D)  Heating will cause too much aerosol impaction.

Question 6

Which of the following types of humidifiers are used in clinical practice?
1) Heat and moisture exchanger
2) Passover humidifier
3) Bubble humidifier

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 7

In general, to deliver O2 to the upper airway, a bubble humidifier is required only when the gas flow exceeds which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 L/min 
B)  2 L/min 
C)  3 L/min 
D)  4 L/min 
A)  1 L/min 
B)  2 L/min 
C)  3 L/min 
D)  4 L/min

Question 8

Advantages of passover humidifiers include which of the following?
1) They add minimal flow resistance to breathing circuits.
2) They do not require heating to maintain body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (BTPS) conditions.
3) They do not generate any bacteria-spreading microaerosol.
4) They can maintain water vapor saturation at high flows.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 9

Which of the following automatic feed systems are used to regulate water levels when using a humidifier with a continuous feed system?
1) Leveling reservoirs
2) Flotation controls
3) Optical sensors

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 10

At high flow rates, what do some bubble humidifiers produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Additional heat 
B)  Microorganisms 
C)  Low pressures 
D)  Aerosol particles 
A)  Additional heat 
B)  Microorganisms 
C)  Low pressures 
D)  Aerosol particles

Question 11

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy administration?
1) Patient with upper airway edema
2) Patient with a bypassed upper airway
3) Patient who must provide a sputum specimen

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 2 only 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 12

Which of the following are potential hazards of using heat and moisture exchangers?
1) Failure of low-pressure alarms to detect disconnection
2) Underhydration or impaction of secretions
3) Hypoventilation due to increased dead space
4) Unintended tracheal lavage from condensate

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 13

What are some problems common to mist tents?
1) Heat retention
2) CO2 buildup
3) Hypothermia

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1 and 3 only 
A) 1, 2, and 3 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 14

Which of the following are the proper temperature alarm settings for a heated humidifier used during mechanical ventilation? High Low

Accepted Answer

A)  35° C 32° C 
B)  37° C 30° C 
C)  39° C 33° C 
D)  35° C 30° C 
A)  35° C 32° C 
B)  37° C 30° C 
C)  39° C 33° C 
D)  35° C 30° C

Question 15

Which of the following are contraindications for heat and moisture exchangers?
1) Presence of thick, copious, or bloody secretions
2) Presence of a large leak around artificial airway
3) When a patient is suffering from hyperpyrexia
4) When a patient's minute ventilation exceeds 10 L/min

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 4 only

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the performance of a typical hygroscopic condenser HME?

Accepted Answer

A)  40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 27 mg/L returned 
B)  40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 20 mg/L returned 
C)  27 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 40 mg/L returned 
D)  44 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 37 mg/L returned 
A)  40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 27 mg/L returned 
B)  40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 20 mg/L returned 
C)  27 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 40 mg/L returned 
D)  44 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 37 mg/L returned

Question 17

A neonatologist is concerned about the possibility of hearing damage occurring to a premature infant receiving bland water aerosol delivered via air-entrainment nebulizers inside an incubator or isolette. Which of the following would you recommend as the best way to overcome this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use a heated passover humidifier instead. 
B)  Use an ultrasonic nebulizer system instead. 
C)  Place sound baffles in the aerosol tubing. 
D)  Place earplugs in the infant's outer ears. 
A)  Use a heated passover humidifier instead. 
B)  Use an ultrasonic nebulizer system instead. 
C)  Place sound baffles in the aerosol tubing. 
D)  Place earplugs in the infant's outer ears.

Question 18

Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the hypopharynx, as when administering oxygen (O2) by nasal catheter?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% relative humidity (RH) at 20° to 22° C 
B)  100% RH at 20° to 22° C 
C)  95% RH at 29° to 32° C 
D)  100% RH at 32° to 35° C 
A)  50% relative humidity (RH) at 20° to 22° C 
B)  100% RH at 20° to 22° C 
C)  95% RH at 29° to 32° C 
D)  100% RH at 32° to 35° C

Question 19

When is a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) performing well?

Accepted Answer

A)  Condensate appears in the attached flex tube. 
B)  No condensate is visible on the filter or insert. 
C)  The HME temperature is at least 40° C. 
D)  Condensate is visible on the filter or insert. 
A)  Condensate appears in the attached flex tube. 
B)  No condensate is visible on the filter or insert. 
C)  The HME temperature is at least 40° C. 
D)  Condensate is visible on the filter or insert.

Question 20

What is the total water output of heated large-volume jet nebulizers?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 to 25 mg H2O/L 
B)  26 to 35 mg H2O/L 
C)  33 to 55 mg H2O/L 
D)  56 to 75 mg H2O/L 
A)  16 to 25 mg H2O/L 
B)  26 to 35 mg H2O/L 
C)  33 to 55 mg H2O/L 
D)  56 to 75 mg H2O/L

Exam 38: Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

When using water traps to help minimize the problems caused by condensation in a heated-humidifier ventilator circuit, where would you place the traps?

What is the most important factor determining a humidifier's performance?

The relief valve on a bubble humidifier serves which of the following functions? 1) It indicates when flow has been interrupted. 2) It protects the device from pressure damage. 3) It warns you when the water level is low.

Which of the following are true when heated-wire circuits are used with heated humidifiers except:

Why should you not heat the reservoirs of a bubble humidifier used with an oronasal O2 delivery system?

Which of the following types of humidifiers are used in clinical practice? 1) Heat and moisture exchanger 2) Passover humidifier 3) Bubble humidifier

In general, to deliver O2 to the upper airway, a bubble humidifier is required only when the gas flow exceeds which of the following?

Which of the following automatic feed systems are used to regulate water levels when using a humidifier with a continuous feed system? 1) Leveling reservoirs 2) Flotation controls 3) Optical sensors

At high flow rates, what do some bubble humidifiers produce?

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy administration? 1) Patient with upper airway edema 2) Patient with a bypassed upper airway 3) Patient who must provide a sputum specimen

Which of the following are potential hazards of using heat and moisture exchangers? 1) Failure of low-pressure alarms to detect disconnection 2) Underhydration or impaction of secretions 3) Hypoventilation due to increased dead space 4) Unintended tracheal lavage from condensate

What are some problems common to mist tents? 1) Heat retention 2) CO2 buildup 3) Hypothermia

Which of the following are the proper temperature alarm settings for a heated humidifier used during mechanical ventilation? High Low

Which of the following are contraindications for heat and moisture exchangers? 1) Presence of thick, copious, or bloody secretions 2) Presence of a large leak around artificial airway 3) When a patient is suffering from hyperpyrexia 4) When a patient's minute ventilation exceeds 10 L/min

Which of the following best describes the performance of a typical hygroscopic condenser HME?

A neonatologist is concerned about the possibility of hearing damage occurring to a premature infant receiving bland water aerosol delivered via air-entrainment nebulizers inside an incubator or isolette. Which of the following would you recommend as the best way to overcome this problem?

Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the hypopharynx, as when administering oxygen (O2) by nasal catheter?

When is a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) performing well?

What is the total water output of heated large-volume jet nebulizers?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Why should you not heat the reservoirs of a bubble humidifier used with an oronasal O₂ delivery system?

In general, to deliver O₂ to the upper airway, a bubble humidifier is required only when the gas flow exceeds which of the following?

What are some problems common to mist tents? 1) Heat retention 2) CO₂ buildup 3) Hypothermia

Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the hypopharynx, as when administering oxygen (O₂) by nasal catheter?