Question 1

Which of the following are LABA bronchodilators?
1) Indacaterol
2) Olodaterol
3) Albuterol
4) Salmeterol

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 1, 2, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 2

Which of the following FEV1 values indicates severe compromise of expiratory airflow that may contraindicate the use of mucoactive therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 65% 
B)  Less than 55% 
C)  Less than 35% 
D)  Less than 25% 
A)  Less than 65% 
B)  Less than 55% 
C)  Less than 35% 
D)  Less than 25%

Question 3

Which of the following are true regarding glucocorticoids?
1) They work through activation of intracellular receptors.
2) Relief is immediate.
3) Daily compliance is essential to controlling inflammation in asthma.
4) They work in a similar fashion to adrenergic bronchodilators.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 4

Pentamidine is indicated for the treatment of which of the following diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
B)  Tuberculosis 
C)  HIV infection 
D)  Pneumococcal pneumonia 
A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
B)  Tuberculosis 
C)  HIV infection 
D)  Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 5

Aerosolized delivery of corticosteroids usually does not manifest in adrenal suppression compared to systemic use as long as the daily dose in adults is kept below what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  800 mcg 
B)  1000 mcg 
C)  1200 mcg 
D)  1400 mcg 
A)  800 mcg 
B)  1000 mcg 
C)  1200 mcg 
D)  1400 mcg

Question 6

When stimulated, which of the following receptors causes bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  M3 
B)  M2 
C)  $\alpha$1 
D)  $\beta$2 
A)  M3 
B)  M2 
C)  $\alpha$1 
D)  $\beta$2

Question 7

Which of the following is the usual neurotransmitter in the sympathetic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atropine 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Dopamine 
A)  Atropine 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Dopamine

Question 8

Which of the following is an indication for use of an adrenergic bronchodilator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment of excessive, viscous mucus secretions 
B)  Antiinflammatory treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma 
C)  Treatment of reversible airflow obstruction 
D)  Prophylactic management of asthma 
A)  Treatment of excessive, viscous mucus secretions 
B)  Antiinflammatory treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma 
C)  Treatment of reversible airflow obstruction 
D)  Prophylactic management of asthma

Question 9

What is the mechanism behind nitric oxide (INOmax)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It dilates pulmonary arterial vascular beds and affects platelet aggregation. 
B)  It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells. 
C)  It inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. 
D)  It relaxes vascular smooth muscle by binding to the heme group of cystolic guanylate, activating guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic GMP. 
A)  It dilates pulmonary arterial vascular beds and affects platelet aggregation. 
B)  It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells. 
C)  It inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. 
D)  It relaxes vascular smooth muscle by binding to the heme group of cystolic guanylate, activating guanylate cyclase, increasing cyclic GMP.

Question 10

Which of the following are advantages for the treatment of the respiratory tract with inhaled aerosols?
1) Doses are usually smaller.
2) Onset of drug action is rapid.
3) Delivered dose is consistent with each administration.
4) Systemic side effects are often fewer and less severe.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 2 and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 4 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 2 and 4 only

Question 11

Zileuton belongs to which of the following categories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cromolyn-like agents 
B)  Leukotriene modifiers 
C)  Anti-IgE agents 
D)  Anti-IgA agents 
A)  Cromolyn-like agents 
B)  Leukotriene modifiers 
C)  Anti-IgE agents 
D)  Anti-IgA agents

Question 12

Which of the following methods limits the systemic distribution of an inhaled aerosolized drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of a fully ionized drug 
B)  Use of a partially ionized drug 
C)  Use of metabolites 
D)  Use of the generic form of the drug 
A)  Use of a fully ionized drug 
B)  Use of a partially ionized drug 
C)  Use of metabolites 
D)  Use of the generic form of the drug

Question 13

Which of the following is the generic name for Arcapta Neohaler?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indacaterol 
B)  Olodaterol 
C)  Formoterol 
D)  Umeclidinium bromide 
A)  Indacaterol 
B)  Olodaterol 
C)  Formoterol 
D)  Umeclidinium bromide

Question 14

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitric oxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neonates older than 34 weeks 
B)  Hypoxic respiratory failure 
C)  Right-to-left shunt dependence 
D)  Pulmonary hypertension 
A)  Neonates older than 34 weeks 
B)  Hypoxic respiratory failure 
C)  Right-to-left shunt dependence 
D)  Pulmonary hypertension

Question 15

A 45-year-old man has a history of heart failure and is diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Initially, he is prescribed treprostinil (Tyvaso) 3 breathes (18 mcg) per treatment session via the Tyvaso Inhalation System. Upon first administration, the patient feels nauseated, throat irritation, muscle pain, and experiences flushing. What is the best next course of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continue medication administration with the addition of pain relievers. 
B)  Stop medication administration and continue to the next treatment session. 
C)  Reduce dose to 1 to 2 breaths per session and then gradually increase to 3. 
D)  Change medication administration. 
A)  Continue medication administration with the addition of pain relievers. 
B)  Stop medication administration and continue to the next treatment session. 
C)  Reduce dose to 1 to 2 breaths per session and then gradually increase to 3. 
D)  Change medication administration.

Question 16

Which of the following short-acting catecholamines is used for their strong alpha-1-vasoconstricting effects to reduce swelling in the nose and larynx and to control bleeding during bronchoscopic biopsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Levophed 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Dobutamine 
D)  Racemic epinephrine 
A)  Levophed 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Dobutamine 
D)  Racemic epinephrine

Question 17

How does cromolyn sodium work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Produces antiinflammatory enzymes within cells. 
B)  Inhibits degranulation of mast cells. 
C)  Prevents arachidonic acid formation from activation of mast cell membrane phospholipase A2. 
D)  Provides leukotriene inhibition. 
A)  Produces antiinflammatory enzymes within cells. 
B)  Inhibits degranulation of mast cells. 
C)  Prevents arachidonic acid formation from activation of mast cell membrane phospholipase A2. 
D)  Provides leukotriene inhibition.

Question 18

Which of the following are medications contain fluticasone furoate?
1) Arnuity Ellipta
2) Breo Ellipta
3) Combivent Respimat
4) Advair Diskus

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 19

Which of the following comprises the largest single group of drugs among aerosolized agents used for inhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhaled corticosteroids 
B)  Adrenergic bronchodilators 
C)  Mucus-controlling agents 
D)  Anticholinergic bronchodilators 
A)  Inhaled corticosteroids 
B)  Adrenergic bronchodilators 
C)  Mucus-controlling agents 
D)  Anticholinergic bronchodilators

Question 20

What is the dosage for ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 puffs four times daily 
B)  2 puffs three times daily 
C)  2 puffs twice daily 
D)  2 puffs every 12 hr 
A)  2 puffs four times daily 
B)  2 puffs three times daily 
C)  2 puffs twice daily 
D)  2 puffs every 12 hr

Exam 35: Airway Pharmacology

Which of the following are LABA bronchodilators? 1) Indacaterol 2) Olodaterol 3) Albuterol 4) Salmeterol

Which of the following FEV1 values indicates severe compromise of expiratory airflow that may contraindicate the use of mucoactive therapy?

Which of the following are true regarding glucocorticoids? 1) They work through activation of intracellular receptors. 2) Relief is immediate. 3) Daily compliance is essential to controlling inflammation in asthma. 4) They work in a similar fashion to adrenergic bronchodilators.

Pentamidine is indicated for the treatment of which of the following diseases?

Aerosolized delivery of corticosteroids usually does not manifest in adrenal suppression compared to systemic use as long as the daily dose in adults is kept below what level?

When stimulated, which of the following receptors causes bronchoconstriction?

Which of the following is the usual neurotransmitter in the sympathetic system?

Which of the following is an indication for use of an adrenergic bronchodilator?

What is the mechanism behind nitric oxide (INOmax)?

Which of the following are advantages for the treatment of the respiratory tract with inhaled aerosols? 1) Doses are usually smaller. 2) Onset of drug action is rapid. 3) Delivered dose is consistent with each administration. 4) Systemic side effects are often fewer and less severe.

Zileuton belongs to which of the following categories?

Which of the following methods limits the systemic distribution of an inhaled aerosolized drug?

Which of the following is the generic name for Arcapta Neohaler?

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitric oxide?

Which of the following short-acting catecholamines is used for their strong alpha-1-vasoconstricting effects to reduce swelling in the nose and larynx and to control bleeding during bronchoscopic biopsy?

How does cromolyn sodium work?

Which of the following are medications contain fluticasone furoate? 1) Arnuity Ellipta 2) Breo Ellipta 3) Combivent Respimat 4) Advair Diskus

Which of the following comprises the largest single group of drugs among aerosolized agents used for inhalation?

What is the dosage for ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Which of the following FEV₁ values indicates severe compromise of expiratory airflow that may contraindicate the use of mucoactive therapy?

What is the mechanism behind nitric oxide (INO_max)?