Question 1

Which of the following is another term for hydrostatic pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  ARDS-related pulmonary edema 
B)  Cardiogenic pulmonary edema 
C)  Exudative pulmonary edema 
D)  Fibroproliferative pulmonary edema 
A)  ARDS-related pulmonary edema 
B)  Cardiogenic pulmonary edema 
C)  Exudative pulmonary edema 
D)  Fibroproliferative pulmonary edema

Question 2

What is the maximal inspiratory pressure that should be targeted when using pressure-control ventilation in patients with ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 to 25 cm H2O 
B)  25 to 30 cm H2O 
C)  30 to 35 cm H2O 
D)  35 to 40 cm H2O 
A)  20 to 25 cm H2O 
B)  25 to 30 cm H2O 
C)  30 to 35 cm H2O 
D)  35 to 40 cm H2O

Question 3

How does the Berlin Criteria define the "mild" category of ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  P/F ratio = 300 to 400 
B)  P/F ratio = 201 to 300 
C)  P/F = 101 to 200 
D)  P/F ?4= 100 
A)  P/F ratio = 300 to 400 
B)  P/F ratio = 201 to 300 
C)  P/F = 101 to 200 
D)  P/F ?4= 100

Question 4

Which of the following is an indirect injury that can cause ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Lung contusion 
C)  High concentrations of oxygen 
D)  Transfusions 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Lung contusion 
C)  High concentrations of oxygen 
D)  Transfusions

Question 5

Which of the following risk factors for ARDS is classified as a nonpulmonary cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxic inhalation 
B)  Gastric aspiration 
C)  Near drowning 
D)  Sepsis 
A)  Toxic inhalation 
B)  Gastric aspiration 
C)  Near drowning 
D)  Sepsis

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about prone positioning of patients with ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  May be beneficial to patients with sustained severe ARDS (P/F ratio < 150 for more than 12 to 24 hr on stable ventilator settings). 
B)  It dramatically reduces the mortality of patients with ARDS. 
C)  It is easy to do and helps morbidity rates of patients with ARDS. 
D)  It does not improve gas exchange at all. 
A)  May be beneficial to patients with sustained severe ARDS (P/F ratio < 150 for more than 12 to 24 hr on stable ventilator settings). 
B)  It dramatically reduces the mortality of patients with ARDS. 
C)  It is easy to do and helps morbidity rates of patients with ARDS. 
D)  It does not improve gas exchange at all.

Question 7

Which of the following are clinical features that favor congestive heart failure over ARDS?
1) Elevated PA catheter wedge pressure
2) Asymmetric, peripheral infiltrates on chest x-ray
3) Prompt (<12 to 24 hr) and lasting response to diuretics
4) Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid low protein and minimally increased cellularity

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 8

Which of the following are common causes of volume overload in patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema?
1) Renal failure
2) Hepatic failure
3) Hypoalbuminemia
4) Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 9

Which of the following parameters are important in the management of patients with ARDS?
1) Keep systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg.
2) Keep hemoglobin saturation above 90%.
3) Ensure adequate urine output.
4) Keep mean arterial pressure above 60 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 10

Using which of the following medications carries the greatest risk of persistent memory and cognition problems in the survivors of ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Benzodiazepines 
B)  Beta-2 agonists 
C)  Exogenous surfactants 
D)  Corticosteroids 
A)  Benzodiazepines 
B)  Beta-2 agonists 
C)  Exogenous surfactants 
D)  Corticosteroids

Exam 29: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Which of the following is another term for hydrostatic pulmonary edema?

What is the maximal inspiratory pressure that should be targeted when using pressure-control ventilation in patients with ARDS?

How does the Berlin Criteria define the "mild" category of ARDS?

Which of the following is an indirect injury that can cause ARDS?

Which of the following risk factors for ARDS is classified as a nonpulmonary cause?

Which of the following statements is true about prone positioning of patients with ARDS?

Which of the following are common causes of volume overload in patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema? 1) Renal failure 2) Hepatic failure 3) Hypoalbuminemia 4) Hyperkalemia

Which of the following parameters are important in the management of patients with ARDS? 1) Keep systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg. 2) Keep hemoglobin saturation above 90%. 3) Ensure adequate urine output. 4) Keep mean arterial pressure above 60 mm Hg.

Using which of the following medications carries the greatest risk of persistent memory and cognition problems in the survivors of ARDS?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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