Question 1

Normally, complement proteins are active until the body is exposed to antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Allergy is a ____ response to ____ antigens.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypersensitive; environmental 
B)  hyposensitive; cellular 
C)  normal level; microbial 
D)  mixed; protein 
E)  mixed; microbial 
A)  hypersensitive; environmental 
B)  hyposensitive; cellular 
C)  normal level; microbial 
D)  mixed; protein 
E)  mixed; microbial

Question 3

A large group of molecules involved in signaling and regulation of defense responses are:

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  prostaglandins. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  histamines. 
A)  complement. 
B)  prostaglandins. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  histamines.

Question 4

Fever helps the body fight infection in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased body temperature decreases phagocytosis. 
B)  Fever causes the creation of lysosomes. 
C)  Fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms. 
D)  Fever reduces lymphocyte activity. 
E)  Fever increases capillary permeability. 
A)  Increased body temperature decreases phagocytosis. 
B)  Fever causes the creation of lysosomes. 
C)  Fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms. 
D)  Fever reduces lymphocyte activity. 
E)  Fever increases capillary permeability.

Question 5

Which of the following cell types is long lived and continues to produce antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells 
B)  memory B cells 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  plasma cells 
E)  macrophages 
A)  cytotoxic T cells 
B)  memory B cells 
C)  T helper cells 
D)  plasma cells 
E)  macrophages

Question 6

____ are responsible for cell mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer cells 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  T lymphocytes 
D)  B cells 
E)  Macrophages 
A)  Natural killer cells 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  T lymphocytes 
D)  B cells 
E)  Macrophages

Question 7

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter. What is the most likely cause of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus. 
A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus.

Question 8

An antigen is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a phagocytic cell. 
B)  used to combat infections. 
C)  a molecule used by bacteria to destroy antibodies. 
D)  any molecule that is recognized as foreign by the immune system. 
E)  any molecule that is recognized as natural by the immune system. 
A)  a phagocytic cell. 
B)  used to combat infections. 
C)  a molecule used by bacteria to destroy antibodies. 
D)  any molecule that is recognized as foreign by the immune system. 
E)  any molecule that is recognized as natural by the immune system.

Question 9

In cell-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after the infected cell displays the antigen-MHC complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  A virus invades the cell. 
B)  Specific T cytotoxic cells are activated. 
C)  Effector T cytotoxic cells migrate to the infection site. 
D)  Cytokines are released by T helper cells. 
E)  Enzymes destroy the target cells. 
A)  A virus invades the cell. 
B)  Specific T cytotoxic cells are activated. 
C)  Effector T cytotoxic cells migrate to the infection site. 
D)  Cytokines are released by T helper cells. 
E)  Enzymes destroy the target cells.

Question 10

Briefly explain why allergies, such as hay fever, are characterized as a hypersensitive immune response.

Accepted Answer

Allergies are characterized by

Question 11

Figure 45-1   The immune system component with a principal role at point B in the accompanying figure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory cells. 
B)  IgM antibodies. 
C)  IgG antibodies. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  antibody IgA. 
A)  memory cells. 
B)  IgM antibodies. 
C)  IgG antibodies. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  antibody IgA.

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: role in maturation of B cells
plays a role in allergic reactions
defends against inhaled and ingested pathogens
prevents viruses and bacteria from attaching to epithelial surfaces
defends against parasitic worms
crosses the placenta to convey passive immunity to the fetus/newborn
first antibody made in the human immune response
make up 75% of circulating antibodies

Accepted Answer

The Answer of IgG and IgM and IgD and IgA is...

Question 13

B cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced in the adult spleen. 
B)  lyse bacterial cell walls by secreting digestive enzymes. 
C)  can become plasma cells, which produce interleukins. 
D)  undergo clonal reproduction once activated. 
E)  stimulate apoptosis. 
A)  are produced in the adult spleen. 
B)  lyse bacterial cell walls by secreting digestive enzymes. 
C)  can become plasma cells, which produce interleukins. 
D)  undergo clonal reproduction once activated. 
E)  stimulate apoptosis.

Question 14

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin. 
A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin.

Question 15

In antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  The foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. 
B)  Activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. 
C)  The B cells are cloned. 
D)  Antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface. 
E)  The B cells becomes plasma cells. 
A)  The foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. 
B)  Activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. 
C)  The B cells are cloned. 
D)  Antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface. 
E)  The B cells becomes plasma cells.

Question 16

If our bodies are capable of secondary responses, how do people contract influenza more than once?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells lose their ability to recognize antigens after six months. 
B)  The affinity of antibodies diminishes in the secondary response. 
C)  New varieties of flu virus continuously evolve. 
D)  Our bodies cannot launch a strong enough immune response against the flu virus. 
E)  There are no effective vaccinations for the flu. 
A)  Memory cells lose their ability to recognize antigens after six months. 
B)  The affinity of antibodies diminishes in the secondary response. 
C)  New varieties of flu virus continuously evolve. 
D)  Our bodies cannot launch a strong enough immune response against the flu virus. 
E)  There are no effective vaccinations for the flu.

Question 17

Which of the following is a specific defense mechanisms or barriers used by an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  acid secretions of the stomach 
B)  inflammation 
C)  antibodies 
D)  mucus in the respiratory tract 
E)  skin 
A)  acid secretions of the stomach 
B)  inflammation 
C)  antibodies 
D)  mucus in the respiratory tract 
E)  skin

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: Cytotoxic cells
Bone marrow stem cells
B cell
T helper cells
Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Progenitor of all lymphocytes and CD8 and is...

Question 19

Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement protein 
B)  mast cell 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  tumor necrosis factor 
A)  complement protein 
B)  mast cell 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  tumor necrosis factor

Exam 45: The Immune System Internal Defense

Normally, complement proteins are active until the body is exposed to antigen.

Allergy is a ____ response to ____ antigens.

A large group of molecules involved in signaling and regulation of defense responses are:

Fever helps the body fight infection in which of the following ways?

Which of the following cell types is long lived and continues to produce antibody?

____ are responsible for cell mediated immunity.

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter. What is the most likely cause of this?

An antigen is:

In cell-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after the infected cell displays the antigen-MHC complex?

Briefly explain why allergies, such as hay fever, are characterized as a hypersensitive immune response.

Figure 45-1 The immune system component with a principal role at point B in the accompanying figure is:

B cells:

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

In antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated?

If our bodies are capable of secondary responses, how do people contract influenza more than once?

Which of the following is a specific defense mechanisms or barriers used by an animal?

Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

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Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

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Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Allergy is a response to antigens.