Question 1

Vaccinations against chicken pox provide individuals with ____ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  active natural 
B)  active artificial 
C)  passive natural 
D)  passive artificial 
E)  cell-mediated 
A)  active natural 
B)  active artificial 
C)  passive natural 
D)  passive artificial 
E)  cell-mediated

Question 2

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigen from intracellular pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of activated complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  producing antibodies 
B)  reducing inflammation 
C)  coating skin with more mucus 
D)  attracting white blood cells to infection sites 
E)  decreasing capillary permeability to minimize edema 
A)  producing antibodies 
B)  reducing inflammation 
C)  coating skin with more mucus 
D)  attracting white blood cells to infection sites 
E)  decreasing capillary permeability to minimize edema

Question 4

Figure 45-1   The response represented by the dashed line in the accompanying figure indicates a:

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary response to the initial antigen. 
B)  primary response to the initial antigen. 
C)  secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
D)  primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
E)  secondary response equivalent to a primary response 
A)  secondary response to the initial antigen. 
B)  primary response to the initial antigen. 
C)  secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
D)  primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
E)  secondary response equivalent to a primary response

Question 5

Which statement about cancer defense is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer and T cytotoxic cells destroy cancer cells. 
B)  Cancer antigens stimulate a strong immune response. 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies can deliver toxic drugs to cancer cells. 
D)  T cells produce interleukins, which defend against cancer. 
E)  Macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor, which inhibits tumor growth. 
A)  Natural killer and T cytotoxic cells destroy cancer cells. 
B)  Cancer antigens stimulate a strong immune response. 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies can deliver toxic drugs to cancer cells. 
D)  T cells produce interleukins, which defend against cancer. 
E)  Macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor, which inhibits tumor growth.

Question 6

Before a pathogen can be destroyed in the antibody-mediated process, a T helper cell must recognize a(n) ____ on the surface of a macrophage.

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen-MHC complex 
B)  antibody 
C)  interleukin 
D)  HLA group 
E)  antigen 
A)  antigen-MHC complex 
B)  antibody 
C)  interleukin 
D)  HLA group 
E)  antigen

Question 7

Identify the following as participants in either specific or nonspecific immune responses, and for each provide a one-sentence explanation of its function or role. 
A. macrophages 
B. natural killer cells 
C. memory cells

Accepted Answer

A. Macrophages participate in nonspecifi

Question 8

Autoimmunity is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic response to an antigen. 
B)  failure of self cell recognition. 
C)  reaction to environmental antigens. 
D)  normal response to infection. 
E)  response between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. 
A)  automatic response to an antigen. 
B)  failure of self cell recognition. 
C)  reaction to environmental antigens. 
D)  normal response to infection. 
E)  response between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system.

Question 9

Describe the differences in function of the five immunoglobulin classes.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: IgA--in mucus, tea

Question 10

Which statement best describes the relationship between an antibody and an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antibody is specifically produced in response to an antigen. 
B)  An antibody is produced by T cells and an antigen is a foreign protein. 
C)  An antigen is presented by antigen presenting cells to plasma cells, which produce antibodies. 
D)  An antigen is a disease-causing organism, and antibodies are produced by B cells. 
E)  An antibody generally induces antigen formation. 
A)  An antibody is specifically produced in response to an antigen. 
B)  An antibody is produced by T cells and an antigen is a foreign protein. 
C)  An antigen is presented by antigen presenting cells to plasma cells, which produce antibodies. 
D)  An antigen is a disease-causing organism, and antibodies are produced by B cells. 
E)  An antibody generally induces antigen formation.

Question 11

Which statement about HIV is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV infection results in a dramatic decline in the T helper cell population. 
B)  The first cells targeted by HIV are dendritic cells. 
C)  T cytotoxic cells are the main cells that attack HIV. 
D)  Dendritic cells transport HIV from the mucosa to the lymph nodes. 
E)  HIV attaches to the CD4 component of TH cells. 
A)  HIV infection results in a dramatic decline in the T helper cell population. 
B)  The first cells targeted by HIV are dendritic cells. 
C)  T cytotoxic cells are the main cells that attack HIV. 
D)  Dendritic cells transport HIV from the mucosa to the lymph nodes. 
E)  HIV attaches to the CD4 component of TH cells.

Question 12

A group of proteins with actions including antiviral activity are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor necrosis factors. 
B)  chemokines. 
C)  complement systems. 
D)  interleukins. 
E)  interferons. 
A)  tumor necrosis factors. 
B)  chemokines. 
C)  complement systems. 
D)  interleukins. 
E)  interferons.

Question 13

Which statement concerning pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are features of pathogens recognized by cells of animals. 
B)  They trigger activation of phagocytes. 
C)  They react with specific receptors on host cells. 
D)  They are found on all microbes except viruses. 
E)  The peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria is an example. 
A)  They are features of pathogens recognized by cells of animals. 
B)  They trigger activation of phagocytes. 
C)  They react with specific receptors on host cells. 
D)  They are found on all microbes except viruses. 
E)  The peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria is an example.

Question 14

Arrange the steps of an allergic reaction in the proper order.
1) Allergic symptoms appear.
2) The allergen binds with IgE.
3) IgE combines with mast cell receptors.
4) The mast cell releases histamine.
5) Plasma cells are sensitized.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B)  1 → 5 → 2 → 4 → 3 
C)  5 → 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 
D)  1 → 4 → 5 → 2 → 3 
E)  4 → 5 → 2 → 3 → 1 
A)  5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B)  1 → 5 → 2 → 4 → 3 
C)  5 → 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 
D)  1 → 4 → 5 → 2 → 3 
E)  4 → 5 → 2 → 3 → 1

Question 15

Active immunity occurs after transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

____ are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  Dendritic cells 
A)  Natural killer cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  T cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  Dendritic cells

Question 17

Which of the following results from the combination of antibodies and antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of the pathogen 
B)  formation of cytotoxic T cells 
C)  stimulation of phagocytosis 
D)  activation of toxins 
E)  inactivation of the complement system 
A)  activation of the pathogen 
B)  formation of cytotoxic T cells 
C)  stimulation of phagocytosis 
D)  activation of toxins 
E)  inactivation of the complement system

Question 18

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by:

Accepted Answer

A)  releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membranes. 
B)  releasing cytokines and enzymes that trigger apoptosis. 
C)  releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate. 
D)  phagocytosis, after the cells are targeted by antibodies. 
E)  releasing lysosomal enzymes, which digest the target cells. 
A)  releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membranes. 
B)  releasing cytokines and enzymes that trigger apoptosis. 
C)  releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate. 
D)  phagocytosis, after the cells are targeted by antibodies. 
E)  releasing lysosomal enzymes, which digest the target cells.

Question 19

Explain what occurs during the inflammatory response and how it is a protective mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Bradykinin, histam

Question 20

Cells that release chemical mediators in both inflammation and allergy are the ____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  mast 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  dendritic 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  mast 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  dendritic 
E)  lymphocytes

Exam 45: The Immune System Internal Defense

Vaccinations against chicken pox provide individuals with ____ immunity.

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigen from intracellular pathogens.

Which of the following is a function of activated complement proteins?

Figure 45-1 The response represented by the dashed line in the accompanying figure indicates a:

Which statement about cancer defense is FALSE?

Before a pathogen can be destroyed in the antibody-mediated process, a T helper cell must recognize a(n) ____ on the surface of a macrophage.

Identify the following as participants in either specific or nonspecific immune responses, and for each provide a one-sentence explanation of its function or role. A. macrophages B. natural killer cells C. memory cells

Autoimmunity is a(n):

Describe the differences in function of the five immunoglobulin classes.

Which statement best describes the relationship between an antibody and an antigen?

Which statement about HIV is FALSE?

A group of proteins with actions including antiviral activity are the:

Which statement concerning pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) is FALSE?

Arrange the steps of an allergic reaction in the proper order. 1) Allergic symptoms appear. 2) The allergen binds with IgE. 3) IgE combines with mast cell receptors. 4) The mast cell releases histamine. 5) Plasma cells are sensitized.

Active immunity occurs after transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus.

____ are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.

Which of the following results from the combination of antibodies and antigens?

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by:

Explain what occurs during the inflammatory response and how it is a protective mechanism.

Cells that release chemical mediators in both inflammation and allergy are the ____ cells.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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