Question 1

Platelets are formed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  cells division in the spleen. 
B)  disruption of a phagocyte. 
C)  fragmentation of the cytoplasm of a B lymphocyte. 
D)  small pieces pinching from very large cells in the bone marrow. 
E)  the release of granules from a neutrophil. 
A)  cells division in the spleen. 
B)  disruption of a phagocyte. 
C)  fragmentation of the cytoplasm of a B lymphocyte. 
D)  small pieces pinching from very large cells in the bone marrow. 
E)  the release of granules from a neutrophil.

Question 2

Describe the structure of representative vertebrate hearts from fish through mammals. Briefly explain the circulation pattern supported by one type of non-mammalian vertebrate heart.

Accepted Answer

As shown in Fig. 44-8 (page 939, the fis

Question 3

Platelets in mammals are functionally the same as ____ in other vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  thrombocytes 
D)  monocytes 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  thrombocytes 
D)  monocytes 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 4

Metarterioles directly link arterioles with venules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Figure 44-1   The type of system depicted in the accompanying figure is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  vertebrate circulatory system. 
C)  closed circulatory system. 
D)  lymph system. 
E)  open digestive system. 
A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  vertebrate circulatory system. 
C)  closed circulatory system. 
D)  lymph system. 
E)  open digestive system.

Question 6

Starling's law of the heart states that the heart pumps:

Accepted Answer

A)  more forcefully when more blood is delivered to it. 
B)  more rapidly when less blood is delivered to it. 
C)  less forcefully when oxygen-rich blood is delivered to it. 
D)  slower when more blood is delivered to it. 
E)  slower when norepinephrine is secreted. 
A)  more forcefully when more blood is delivered to it. 
B)  more rapidly when less blood is delivered to it. 
C)  less forcefully when oxygen-rich blood is delivered to it. 
D)  slower when more blood is delivered to it. 
E)  slower when norepinephrine is secreted.

Question 7

Blood pressure is greatest in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  veins. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  venules. 
E)  arterioles. 
A)  veins. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  venules. 
E)  arterioles.

Question 8

The characteristic that enables efficient gas exchange in capillaries is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the very short total length of the capillaries. 
B)  their proximity to the heart. 
C)  thick walls of connective and muscle tissue. 
D)  thin walls that are only one cell wide. 
E)  the long total length of the capillaries. 
A)  the very short total length of the capillaries. 
B)  their proximity to the heart. 
C)  thick walls of connective and muscle tissue. 
D)  thin walls that are only one cell wide. 
E)  the long total length of the capillaries.

Question 9

Due to recent changes in blood pressure guidelines, a reading of 120/80 is now considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  a low normal reading. 
B)  a high normal reading. 
C)  prehypertensive. 
D)  hypotensive.. 
E)  hypertensive. 
A)  a low normal reading. 
B)  a high normal reading. 
C)  prehypertensive. 
D)  hypotensive.. 
E)  hypertensive.

Question 10

An open circulatory system usually consists of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  pumping organ 
C)  arteries 
D)  veins 
E)  hemocoel 
A)  blood 
B)  pumping organ 
C)  arteries 
D)  veins 
E)  hemocoel

Question 11

Trace the flow of blood entirely through both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Start and end with the right atrium. Be sure to list all structures through which the blood will pass, including all valves and major blood vessels entering and exiting the heart.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Right atrium; tric

Question 12

One purpose of the lymphatic system is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  transport nutrients and oxygen. 
B)  returns interstitial fluid to the blood. 
C)  block the transport of blood proteins. 
D)  produce red blood cells. 
E)  deliver carbon dioxide to the heart. 
A)  transport nutrients and oxygen. 
B)  returns interstitial fluid to the blood. 
C)  block the transport of blood proteins. 
D)  produce red blood cells. 
E)  deliver carbon dioxide to the heart.

Question 13

The foramen ovale functions to:

Accepted Answer

A)  permit blood to bypass the non-functional lungs in a fetus. 
B)  establish the basic heart rate. 
C)  prevent blood from flowing backward. 
D)  carry blood to the lungs in a fetus. 
E)  transport poorly oxygenated blood. 
A)  permit blood to bypass the non-functional lungs in a fetus. 
B)  establish the basic heart rate. 
C)  prevent blood from flowing backward. 
D)  carry blood to the lungs in a fetus. 
E)  transport poorly oxygenated blood.

Question 14

What is a key feature of an open circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  No vessels carry the blood. 
B)  Open-ended vessels carry the blood. 
C)  Closed vessels carry the blood. 
D)  No heart pumps the blood. 
E)  Hemoglobin is carried in the blood. 
A)  No vessels carry the blood. 
B)  Open-ended vessels carry the blood. 
C)  Closed vessels carry the blood. 
D)  No heart pumps the blood. 
E)  Hemoglobin is carried in the blood.

Question 15

Serum is plasma without the proteins involved in clotting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the correct order for the following events that follow a nerve impulse along a sympathetic neuron to innervate the heart?
1) G protein activates adenylyl cyclase
2) Neuron releases norepinephrine
3) Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase
4) Receptor activates G protein
5) Protein kinase phosphorylates Ca2+ channels
6) Receptors activated on the membrane of the cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2, 6 
B)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 6 
C)  6, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 6, 4, 1, 3, 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5 
A)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2, 6 
B)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 6 
C)  6, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 6, 4, 1, 3, 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 5

Question 17

Which of the below has the largest impact on whether diffusion alone will move nutrients within an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  shape of organism 
B)  size of organism 
C)  environment of organism 
D)  nutrient being moved 
E)  atmosphere around organism 
A)  shape of organism 
B)  size of organism 
C)  environment of organism 
D)  nutrient being moved 
E)  atmosphere around organism

Question 18

Identify two hormones that are involved in regulating blood pressure and briefly describe the role of each.

Accepted Answer

1. Angiotension II is a vasoconstrictor

Question 19

Smooth muscle in the arteriole walls can vasoconstrict or vasodilate, which:

Accepted Answer

A)  helps to regulate blood pressure. 
B)  helps to accelerate the flow of blood through the vessels. 
C)  prevents the back flow of blood into the tissues. 
D)  squeezes oxygen out of the blood. 
E)  adds strength to the blood vessels. 
A)  helps to regulate blood pressure. 
B)  helps to accelerate the flow of blood through the vessels. 
C)  prevents the back flow of blood into the tissues. 
D)  squeezes oxygen out of the blood. 
E)  adds strength to the blood vessels.

Question 20

Which chemical, contained in the granules of basophils, helps prevent blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  histamine 
B)  leukotrienes 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  heparin 
E)  SRS-A 
A)  histamine 
B)  leukotrienes 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  heparin 
E)  SRS-A

Exam 44: Internal Transport

Platelets are formed by:

Describe the structure of representative vertebrate hearts from fish through mammals. Briefly explain the circulation pattern supported by one type of non-mammalian vertebrate heart.

Platelets in mammals are functionally the same as ____ in other vertebrates.

Metarterioles directly link arterioles with venules.

Figure 44-1 The type of system depicted in the accompanying figure is a(n):

Starling's law of the heart states that the heart pumps:

Blood pressure is greatest in the:

The characteristic that enables efficient gas exchange in capillaries is:

Due to recent changes in blood pressure guidelines, a reading of 120/80 is now considered to be:

An open circulatory system usually consists of which of the following?

Trace the flow of blood entirely through both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Start and end with the right atrium. Be sure to list all structures through which the blood will pass, including all valves and major blood vessels entering and exiting the heart.

One purpose of the lymphatic system is to:

The foramen ovale functions to:

What is a key feature of an open circulatory system?

Serum is plasma without the proteins involved in clotting.

Which of the below has the largest impact on whether diffusion alone will move nutrients within an organism?

Identify two hormones that are involved in regulating blood pressure and briefly describe the role of each.

Smooth muscle in the arteriole walls can vasoconstrict or vasodilate, which:

Which chemical, contained in the granules of basophils, helps prevent blood clot formation?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

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An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

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Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

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The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

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Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

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Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

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